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JURA Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Jura located?

A

east of burgundy bordering Switzerland

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2
Q

How much of France’s land under vine does Jura account for

A

0.5%

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3
Q

What led to a radical reduction of land under vine in Jura following 1950

A

mildew, phylloxera, arrival of railway enabling transport of wines from south France to Paris, and world wars

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4
Q

What has drawn attention back to Jura since the turn of the millenium

A

their distinct wines especially those made from their local varieties

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5
Q

What are the local variities of Jura

A

Savagnin, (white) and black varieties: Poulsard and Trousseau

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6
Q

What are international grapes that are grown in Jura?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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7
Q

what is the climate of Jura?

A

moderate continental climate with relatively high rainfall above 1100mm per year, including significant rain during the growing season.

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8
Q

What can rain pose a threat to in Jura

A

in early summer = flowering and fruit set (reducing yield)
excessive rains in the vineyard can make any work in the vineyard very difficult

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9
Q

Besides rain what else is a problem in Jura

A

spring frosts
long periods of wet weather
heavy lcay soils
work to control weeds and combat fungal diseases
hail
climate change

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10
Q

Where are the vineyards located in Jura?

A

west facing slopes of the Jura Mountains at altitudes between 250-400m

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11
Q

What are the soils in Jura?

A

mainly clay and marl with limestone in some places

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12
Q

Why are many vineyards grassed between the rows in Jura

A

to reduce erosion and limit the need for herbicides

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13
Q

How are vines pruned in Jura?

A

mostly replacement cane pruned at some height above the ground to mitigate the risk of nfrost

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14
Q

Why is VSP used in Jura?

A

to encourage the flow of air to reduce threat of fungal disease

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15
Q

HOw are grapes harvested in Jura?

A

mostly machine harvested except where slopes are too steep

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16
Q

Why have yields in Jura averaged lower than mx yields

A

due to various weather hazards: frost, hail, heavy rain, early in the season causing mildew outburst and excessive heat and drought later in the season

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17
Q

What is the most planted variety in Jura that goes into Crement du Jura

A

Chardonnaya

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18
Q

What kinds of wines are made with Savagnin

A

both conventional white wine and wine in oxidative styles including Jura’s most distinctive wine Vin Jaune

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19
Q

What kind of grape is Savagnin

A

buds early (prone to frosts)
thick skinned (resistent to fungal disease)

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20
Q

Where does Savagnin thrive?

A

steep slopes with marl

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21
Q

General SAT for Savagnin?

A

high acidity
med - lemon and apple fruit
med body
med alcohol

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22
Q

What is the most planted black varietal in Jura?

A

Poulsard also known as Ploussard

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23
Q

What kind of varietal is Poulsard?

A

early budding (vulnerable to spring frosts)
thin skinned (prone to fungal diseases)
ripens early (enables picking before autumn rains)

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24
Q

What is Poulsard prone to?

A

coulure and fungal disease

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25
General SAT for Poulsard
very pale ruby almost translucent in color low intensity of red fruit (red currant, cranberry) low tannins high acidity low end of med alcohol light body good to very good mid to premium priced
26
what is the 2nd most planted black grape variety in Jura?
Pinot Noir and used in multi varietal blends in crement du Jura as well as single varietal wines
27
What kind of grape is Trousseau?
black variety with thick skins giving it resistance to fungal diseases though it can suffer from botrytis rot vigorous variety (requires careful canopy management)
28
What is Trousseau prone to?
poor flowering, coulure
29
What does Trousseau need to ripen fully?
warm site ex with warm gravels and by planting it either on warm lower parts of the slope or on well exposed higher steeper slopes
30
General SAT for Trousseau
pale ruby low intensity red fruit (red cherry) low to med tannins med to high acidity low end of med alcohol led to med - body good to very good mid to premium pricedq
31
General SAT for Trousseau
pale ruby low intensity red fruit (red cherry) low to med tannins med to high acidity low end of med alcohol led to med - body good to very good mid to premium priced
32
How are Chardonnay and Savagnin typically fermented in Jura?
stainless steel tanks or old barrels at mid range temps as juicy esters are not desired
33
Is malolactic conversion used in Jura
yes - it is comonly used
34
How are most red wines macerated in Jura?
on the skins for a short time (5-10 days) with temp limited to 30C or below.
35
WHat method(s) are used for Poulsard wines in Jura to macerate?
carbonic or semi carbonic maceration which contributes to the fruity style of this wine they are then aged in large oak barrels or casks for a few months prior to release
36
How are Trousseau and PInot Noir aged slightly differently than Poulsard in Jura?
kept on the skins longer for a more structured wine (more flavor intensity and tannins) with the capacity to age in the bottle.
37
How long is aging in the bottle for reds in Jura
typically less than 1 year
38
HOw are both white and red wines in Jura aged?
in tank or old wood barrels preserving as much primary fruit as possible and reducing costs.
39
How is Vin Jaune made in Jura?
by fermenting Savagnin grapes to dryness and then aging in barrels with a headspace. a thin layer of yeast flor develops (le voile or the veil). The wine needs to remain under the flor for a min of 5 years with a total aging requirement of 6 years in the barrel
40
What is a choice that producers have with Vin Jaune wines?
they can inocculate the wine with selected yeasts to create the flor or allow the process to happen naturally by placing the barrels in a well ventilated cellar with seasonal temp changes
41
How is the flor process for Vin Jaune different from Sherry Fino?
the flor level is thin and there is no fresh wine added, the wines develop both biological and oxidative aging aromas and alcohol level rises up by about 1 degree up to 13.5%-15% abv due to the transpiration of water through the barrels
42
General SAT for Vin Jaune
med lemon to med gold pronounced aromas of bread dough, almond, ginger, and green apple high acidity dry high alcohol med bodied very good to outstanding premium to super premium priced able to age for several decades
43
HOw much Vin de Paille does Jura make?
very small amounts
44
what is Vin de Paille
sweet wine made by drying the grapes off the vine
45
What Jura varieties are permitted for Vin de Paille
all Jura varieties except PInot Noir
46
What are required ABV levels and residual sugar levels for Vin de Paille wines?
must be above 14% abv RS = 70-120 g/l
47
How long must Vin de Paille be aged in oak?
min of 18 months and released no sooner than three years after vintage
48
What is Cotes du Jura AOC?
regional appellation for the whole of the Jura wine region including the more specific appellations
49
How many ha are planted in Cotes du Jura AOC?
560 ha planted
50
What styles of wines can be made in Cotes du Jura AOC?
all five - red, white, rose, Vin Jaune, and Vin de Paille
51
What styles of wines can be made in Cotes du Jura AOC?
all five - red, white, rose, Vin Jaune, and Vin de Paille, but most of wine produced under this AOC is white.
52
What is Arbois AOC?
compact densely planted AOC around the town of the same name in the north of Jura's wine region
53
HOw many ha re planted for Arbois AOC?
780 ha planted
54
What are the Jura wine styles are made in Arbois AOC?
all five - red, white, rose, Vin Jaune and Vin de Paille although most of Jura's red wines are produced here
55
What is Chateau Chalon AOC
AOC restricted to Vin Jaune only. 54 ha planted
56
What is L'Etolle AOC
AOC in Jura restricted to white wines including Vin Jaune and Vin de Paille; 73 ha planted
57
What are the production rules for all of Jura's appellations?
white wines excluding Vin Jaune and Vin du Paille, Savagnin and/or Chardonnay must make up min 80% of the blend and mx yield if 60 hl/ha red/rose wines: PInot Noir, Poulsard and Trousseau must make up 80%; max yield is 55 hl/ha Vin Jaune only Savagnin can be used and max yield 60 hl/ha except in Chateau Chalon that restricts yields to 30 hla/ha. wine muct be under le voile for min 60 mths during which time it must not be racked or topped up and it can only be sold to customers from January 7 years after the harvest. Must be bottled in 62cl clavelin bottle Vin de Paille max yield 20 hl/ha
58
How is Jura's wine business divided?
Estates - 50% negociants = 30% 4 co-operatives accounting for the rest
59
How many companies account for nearly 50% of wines sold in Jura?
3 - the cooperative Fruitiere Vinicole d'Arbois the negociant La Maison de Vigneron Henri MAire (owned by Boisset)
60
What is something that is important to the Jura region that leads to its reputation for artisan wines?
both organic grape growing and natural wine making
61
What affects production vol strongly in Jura?
vintage variation
62
How much of wine is exported from Jura?
20%

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