logical fallacies Flashcards
a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute
ad hominem
this fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to “everybody’s doing it, so it must be a good thing to do”
ad populum
a fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence
circular reasoning
reasoning from premise to conclusion that does not logically follow
deductive reasoning fallacy
reasoning from evidence to conclusion that does not logically follow
inductive reasoning fallacy
a bitter and prolonged verbal attack (rant)
diatribe
setting up a situation in which no matter what the person does or answers, he or she is wrong
double bind
the claiming that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes must be the truth
grounds
speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence
hasty generalization
a statement that does not follow logically from evidence
non sequitur
this fallacy is latin for “after which therefore because of which”; arguing that because event B occurred after event A, event A caused event B
post hoc propter hoc
a fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
red herring
a question with a presumption built-in
loaded question
a fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
slippery slope
misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack
strawman fallacy
