Logic Test 1 Flashcards
Logic
The science and art of reasoning well.
Law of Excluded Middle
Any statement is true or false.
Law of Identity
If a statement is true, then it is true.
Law of Noncontradiction
A statement cannot be true and false at the same time.
Formal Logic
The proper modes of reasoning.
Informal Logic
Operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning.
Induction
Reasoning with probability from examples or experience to general rules.
Deduction
Reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions.
Term
A concept that is expressed precisely in words.
Definition
A statement that gives the full meaning of the term.
Ambiguous
A word that has more than one definition.
Vague
Something that’s extent is unclear.
Definitions…
- show relationships
- remove ambiguity
- reduce vagueness
- increase vocabulary
- explain concepts -theoretically
- influence attitudes
Five types of definitions:
- Lexical
- Precising
- Stipulative
- Theoretical
- Persuasive
Genus Term
A term that is broader and includes an original term.
Species term
A term that is more specific than an original term.
Extension
The extension of a term is the sum of all the individual objects described by it.
Intension
The intension of a term is the sum of all the common attributes denoted by the term.
Extension increases…
Intension decreases and vice versa
3 ways to define a term
synonym, example, and genus and difference
6 rules for defining…
A definition should 1) state the essential attributes of the term 2) not be circular 3) not be too broad or narrow 4) not be unclear or figurative 5) be stated positively if possible 6)be the same part of speech as the term.
