Logic of Proposition

Question 1

The mental comparison of concepts. It is the act of the mind which affirms or denies one concept with another concept. It is the act of the mind which propositions or statements are determined as true or false.

Answer 1

Judgment

Question 2

2 Kinds of judgment by Immanuel Kant

Answer 2

Analytic judgment
Synthetic judgment

Question 3

Kind of judgment by Immanuel Kant

The subject can be thought of as contained in the compression of the predicate, and the predicate is contained also in the compression of the subject. Here, the truth of the proposition can be tested only through mental analysis.
Example:
All living things grow.
Men are rational beings.

Answer 3

Analytic judgment

Question 4

Kind of judgment by Immanuel Kant

The subject is not contained in the compression of the predicate and the predicate is as well not contained in the compression of the subject. In this kind of judgment, the connection between the subject and the predicate can be tested only from experience.
Example:
Mangoes are sweet.
The students are logicians.

Answer 4

Synthetic judgment

Question 5

The goal of logicians

Answer 5

Attainment of formal truth

Question 6

Logical truth

Answer 6

formal truth

Question 7

The kind of proposition wherein the judgment (the agreement or disagreement between the subject and the predicate) is done in an absolute manner. It is a proposition that makes a direct assertion of agreement or disagreement between the subject and the predicate. It is a proposition that relates two classes/categories (subject term and the predicate term).

Answer 7

Categorical proposition

Question 8

General form of categorical proposition

Answer 8

Subject—Copula—Predicate

Question 9

All Filipinos are lovers of wisdom.

identify the Subject—Copula—Predicate

Answer 9

Subject - All Filipinos
copula - are
predicate - lovers of wisdom.

Question 10

Standard form of categorical proposition

1. Whole subject class is included in the predicate class
2. Part of the subject class is included in the predicate class
3. Whole subject class is excluded from the predicate class
4. Part of the subject class is excluded from the predicate class.

Answer 10

All S are P.
No S are P.
Some S are P.
Not all S are P.

Question 11

They specify how much of the subject class is included in or excluded from the predicate class.
Example: all, no, some, not all

Answer 11

Quantifiers

Question 12

Quantity or extension of the proposition

the quantity of the proposition is equivalent to the

Answer 12

quantity of its subject

Question 13

Quantity or extension of the proposition

P1 Some philosophers are atheists.
P2 Love is not selfish.
P3 Aristotle is the father of logic.

identify if the subject is singular, particular or universal.

Answer 13

P1 Particular
P2 universal
P3 Singular

Question 14

2 Qualities of the categorical proposition

Answer 14

affirmative
negative

Question 15

Quality of the categorical proposition

it connotes that all, or some of the members indicated by the subject are contained in the class indicated by the predicate.
Example:
Virtue is health and well being of the soul.

Answer 15

affirmative

Question 16

Quality of the categorical proposition

it connotes that all, or some of the members indicated by the subject are not contained in the class indicated by the predicate.
Example:
Some bananas are not sweet.

Answer 16

Negative

Question 17

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

The 13th president of the Philippines is Joseph Estrada.

Answer 17

Singular.
Singular predicate rule: the predicate indicates any signs of singularity.

the predicate Joseph Estrada is a proper noun. A proper noun is included in the list of signs of singularity.

Question 18

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

A truly happy life is a life of goodness.

Answer 18

Particular.
particular predicate rule: the predicate of a categorical proposition is not singular, and the copula is affirmative.

An article “a” can never be a sign of singularity. The copula “is” is affirmative.

Question 19

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

Most politicians are not moral persons.

Answer 19

Universal.
universal predicate rule: The predicate is not singular and the copula is negative.

Question 20

4 Kinds of Categorical proposition

Answer 20

A proposition
E proposition
I proposition
O proposition

Question 21

Kind of Categorical proposition

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula

Answer 21

A proposition

Question 22

Kind of Categorical proposition

All saints are holy people.

Answer 22

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

Question 23

Kind of Categorical proposition

Every philosopher is a lover of wisdom

Answer 23

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

Question 24

Kind of Categorical proposition

An orangutan is an ape.

Answer 24

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

Question 25

Kind of Categorical proposition *All that is included in the list are students who passed the exam.*

Answer 25

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula A proposition

Question 26

Kind of Categorical proposition *Apolinario Mabini is a Filipino philosopher.*

Answer 26

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula A proposition

Question 27

Kind of Categorical proposition *Everyone who has not yet taken the exam is sick.*

Answer 27

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula A proposition

Question 28

Kind of Categorical proposition *Man is a two legged animal.*

Answer 28

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula A proposition

Question 29

Kind of Categorical proposition proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula

Answer 29

E proposition

Question 30

Kind of Categorical proposition *No sinner are saints.*

Answer 30

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 31

Kind of Categorical proposition *A green mango is not sweet.*

Answer 31

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 32

Kind of Categorical proposition *Neither diamonds nor gold is expensive.*

Answer 32

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 33

Kind of Categorical proposition *None of the invited guests are present.*

Answer 33

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 34

Kind of Categorical proposition *St. John, the archangel, is not a martyr.*

Answer 34

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 35

Kind of Categorical proposition *I'm not a lawyer.*

Answer 35

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 36

Kind of Categorical proposition *Insulators are not conductors of electricity.*

Answer 36

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula E proposition

Question 37

Kind of Categorical proposition proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula

Answer 37

I proposition

Question 38

Kind of Categorical proposition *Some philosophers are atheists.*

Answer 38

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 39

Kind of Categorical proposition *Filipinos are nature lovers.*

Answer 39

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 40

Kind of Categorical proposition *Almost all people are god fearers.*

Answer 40

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 41

Kind of Categorical proposition *Most wide readers are intelligent.*

Answer 41

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 42

Kind of Categorical proposition *Several soldiers are loyal to the constitution.*

Answer 42

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 43

Kind of Categorical proposition *Many Filipinos are hopeful for the government's program.*

Answer 43

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 44

Kind of Categorical proposition *A few misers are happy and contented with their life.*

Answer 44

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula I proposition

Question 45

Kind of Categorical proposition

Answer 45

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 46

Kind of Categorical proposition *Not all senators are honest politicians.*

Answer 46

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 47

Kind of Categorical proposition *Not everyone who calls to me "Lord, Lord" are persons to be saved.*

Answer 47

O proposition proposition that have particular subject and negative copula

Question 48

Kind of Categorical proposition *Some Filipinos are not patriotic.*

Answer 48

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 49

Kind of Categorical proposition *Most rebels are not freedom fighters.*

Answer 49

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 50

Kind of Categorical proposition *Many telephone operators are not cordial.*

Answer 50

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 51

Kind of Categorical proposition *A few teachers are not up to date.*

Answer 51

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition

Question 52

Kind of Categorical proposition *Some wealthy people are not happy persons.*

Answer 52

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula O proposition