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LOGIC > Logic of Proposition > Flashcards

Logic of Proposition Flashcards

1
Q

The mental comparison of concepts. It is the act of the mind which affirms or denies one concept with another concept. It is the act of the mind which propositions or statements are determined as true or false.

A

Judgment

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2
Q

2 Kinds of judgment by Immanuel Kant

A

Analytic judgment
Synthetic judgment

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3
Q

Kind of judgment by Immanuel Kant

The subject can be thought of as contained in the compression of the predicate, and the predicate is contained also in the compression of the subject. Here, the truth of the proposition can be tested only through mental analysis.
Example:
All living things grow.
Men are rational beings.

A

Analytic judgment

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4
Q

Kind of judgment by Immanuel Kant

The subject is not contained in the compression of the predicate and the predicate is as well not contained in the compression of the subject. In this kind of judgment, the connection between the subject and the predicate can be tested only from experience.
Example:
Mangoes are sweet.
The students are logicians.

A

Synthetic judgment

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5
Q

The goal of logicians

A

Attainment of formal truth

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6
Q

Logical truth

A

formal truth

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7
Q

The kind of proposition wherein the judgment (the agreement or disagreement between the subject and the predicate) is done in an absolute manner. It is a proposition that makes a direct assertion of agreement or disagreement between the subject and the predicate. It is a proposition that relates two classes/categories (subject term and the predicate term).

A

Categorical proposition

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8
Q

General form of categorical proposition

A

Subject—Copula—Predicate

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9
Q

All Filipinos are lovers of wisdom.

identify the Subject—Copula—Predicate

A

Subject - All Filipinos
copula - are
predicate - lovers of wisdom.

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10
Q

Standard form of categorical proposition

  1. Whole subject class is included in the predicate class
  2. Part of the subject class is included in the predicate class
  3. Whole subject class is excluded from the predicate class
  4. Part of the subject class is excluded from the predicate class.
A

All S are P.
No S are P.
Some S are P.
Not all S are P.

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11
Q

They specify how much of the subject class is included in or excluded from the predicate class.
Example: all, no, some, not all

A

Quantifiers

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12
Q

Quantity or extension of the proposition

the quantity of the proposition is equivalent to the

A

quantity of its subject

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13
Q

Quantity or extension of the proposition

P1 Some philosophers are atheists.
P2 Love is not selfish.
P3 Aristotle is the father of logic.

identify if the subject is singular, particular or universal.

A

P1 Particular
P2 universal
P3 Singular

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14
Q

2 Qualities of the categorical proposition

A

affirmative
negative

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15
Q

Quality of the categorical proposition

it connotes that all, or some of the members indicated by the subject are contained in the class indicated by the predicate.
Example:
Virtue is health and well being of the soul.

A

affirmative

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16
Q

Quality of the categorical proposition

it connotes that all, or some of the members indicated by the subject are not contained in the class indicated by the predicate.
Example:
Some bananas are not sweet.

A

Negative

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17
Q

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

The 13th president of the Philippines is Joseph Estrada.

A

Singular.
Singular predicate rule: the predicate indicates any signs of singularity.

the predicate Joseph Estrada is a proper noun. A proper noun is included in the list of signs of singularity.

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18
Q

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

A truly happy life is a life of goodness.

A

Particular.
particular predicate rule: the predicate of a categorical proposition is not singular, and the copula is affirmative.

An article “a” can never be a sign of singularity. The copula “is” is affirmative.

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19
Q

Quantity of the predicate

Identify if the predicate is singular, particular, or universal.

Most politicians are not moral persons.

A

Universal.
universal predicate rule: The predicate is not singular and the copula is negative.

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20
Q

4 Kinds of Categorical proposition

A

A proposition
E proposition
I proposition
O proposition

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21
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula

A

A proposition

22
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

All saints are holy people.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

23
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Every philosopher is a lover of wisdom

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

24
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

An orangutan is an ape.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

25
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

All that is included in the list are students who passed the exam.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

26
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Apolinario Mabini is a Filipino philosopher.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

27
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Everyone who has not yet taken the exam is sick.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

28
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Man is a two legged animal.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and affirmative copula
A proposition

29
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula

A

E proposition

30
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

No sinner are saints.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

31
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

A green mango is not sweet.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

32
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Neither diamonds nor gold is expensive.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

33
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

None of the invited guests are present.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

34
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

St. John, the archangel, is not a martyr.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

35
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

I’m not a lawyer.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

36
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Insulators are not conductors of electricity.

A

proposition that have universal or singular subject and negative copula
E proposition

37
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula

A

I proposition

38
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Some philosophers are atheists.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

39
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Filipinos are nature lovers.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

40
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Almost all people are god fearers.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

41
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Most wide readers are intelligent.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

42
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Several soldiers are loyal to the constitution.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

43
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Many Filipinos are hopeful for the government’s program.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

44
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

A few misers are happy and contented with their life.

A

proposition that have particular subject and affirmative copula
I proposition

45
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

46
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Not all senators are honest politicians.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

47
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Not everyone who calls to me “Lord, Lord” are persons to be saved.

A

O proposition
proposition that have particular subject and negative copula

48
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Some Filipinos are not patriotic.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

49
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Most rebels are not freedom fighters.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

50
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Many telephone operators are not cordial.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

51
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

A few teachers are not up to date.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

52
Q

Kind of Categorical proposition

Some wealthy people are not happy persons.

A

proposition that have particular subject and negative copula
O proposition

LOGIC (4 decks)

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