Logic

Question 1

discipline that deals with the methods of reasoning

Answer 1

Logic

Question 2

provides rules and techniques for determining whether a given argument
is valid.

Answer 2

Logic

Question 3

earlier names for mathematical logic

Answer 3

Symbolic logic and metamathematics

Question 4

method of representing logical expressions through the use of symbols
and variables, rather than ordinary

Answer 4

Logic

Question 5

declarative sentence that is either true or false but not both.

Answer 5

Proposition

Question 6

arbitrary representation and it is commonly
represented by letters p. q, and r

Answer 6

Propositional variables

Question 7

the property of a statement being either true or false

Answer 7

Truth value

Question 8

a combination of two or more simple
propositions.

Answer 8

Compound propositions

Question 9

use to join or combine two or more
statements to form a new statement. Usually written as a
symbol that carries particular instruction of how to operate a
statement or compound statement

Answer 9

Logical connective

Question 10

provides the truth value for the result of applying
operand on each possible set of truth values for the operands

Answer 10

Truth table

Question 11

indicates the opposite; the symbol resembles a
dash with a tail (¬),
arithmetic subtraction
symbol (-), or a tilde (~ ).

Answer 11

Negation

Question 12

a compound sentence formed
by the word AND to join two
simple sentences

Answer 12

Conjunction

Question 13

the symbol ampersand (&) used
to signify this. Other
common symbols are a dot and
an upside down wedge (∧ ).

Answer 13

Conjunction

Question 14

a compound sentence formed
by the word OR to join two
simple sentences

Answer 14

Disjunction

Question 15

uses symbol called vel ( ∨ )

Answer 15

Disjunction

Question 16

logical operation exclusive
disjunction.
Symbolized as XOR, EOR,
EXOR, or direct sum, ⨁ (circled
plus)

Answer 16

Exclusive-Or

Question 17

logical operation exclusive
disjunction.
Symbolized as XOR, EOR,
EXOR, or direct sum, ⨁ (circled
plus)

Answer 17

Exclusive-Or

Question 18

represents the inequality
function.

Answer 18

Exclusive-Or

Question 19

connective equivalent to the
composition of NOT AND; referred to as alternative
denial

Answer 19

NAND

Question 20

Notations used are ~ ∧ , ↑ (up
arrow) also known as sheffer
stroke

Answer 20

NAND

Question 21

a connective equivalent to the
composition of NOT OR
Also referred to as joint denial

Answer 21

NOR

Question 22

symbol used are ∽ ⋁, ↓ (down
arrow), also known as Quine
arrow.

Answer 22

NOR

Question 23

The statement “ïf p then q” is called ________

Answer 23

implication or conditional

Question 24

The statement “p if and only if q” is
called

Answer 24

biimplication or
biconditional (of p and q)

Question 25

Also known as logical equality

Answer 25

Biconditional statement

Question 26

Example: “If it is noon, then I am hungry.” “If I am hungry, then it is noon.”

Answer 26

Converse

Question 27

“If it is noon, then I am hungry.” “If it is not noon, then I am not hungry.”

Answer 27

Inverse

Question 28

“If it is noon, then I am hungry.” “If I am not hungry, then it is not noon.”

Answer 28

Contrapositive

Question 29

Find the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the statement, "If the train is late then the bus is full“

Answer 29

Converse: “If the bus is full then the train is late” Inverse: “If the train is not late then the bus is not full” Contrapositive: “If the bus is not full then the train is not late”

Question 30

a type of relationship between two statements or sentences in propositional logic with identical truth table(s).

Answer 30

Logical equivalence

Question 31

refers to the proposition that is TRUE for all possible values of its propositional variables

Answer 31

Tautology

Question 32

refers to the proposition that is FALSE for all possible values of its propositional variables.; also known as absurdity

Answer 32

Contradiction

Question 33

refers to the statement that can either be TRUE or FALSE, depending on the truth values of its propositional variables

Answer 33

Contigency

Question 34

consists of a set of premises and a conclusion.

Answer 34

Symbolic arguments

Question 35

what does the symbol ∴ denotes

Answer 35

Conclusion

Question 36

When is an argument valid

Answer 36

when its conclusion necessarily follows from a given set of premises; ALL must be true

Question 37

When is an argument invalid or a fallacy

Answer 37

when the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the given set of premises

Question 38

Rule for Conjunction

Answer 38

Proposition is defined to be TRUE only when both p and q are true, and false otherwise

Question 39

Rule for Disjunction

Answer 39

Proposition is defined to be FALSE only when both p and q are false, and true otherwise

Question 40

Rule for Exclusive-Or

Answer 40

Proposition is defined to be TRUE when exactly one of p and q is true, and false otherwise.

Question 41

Rule for NAND

Answer 41

Proposition that is TRUE when either p and q, or both are false; and is is false when p and q are true

Question 42

Rule for NOR

Answer 42

Proposition that is TRUE when both p and q are false, and it is false otherwise.

Question 43

Rule for conditional statement

Answer 43

Proposition that is TRUE for all input values except when true implies false

Question 44

Biconditional statement

Answer 44

Proposition that is TRUE when both p and q are either true or false, or else the result is FALSE