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MMW > Logic > Flashcards

Logic Flashcards

1
Q

discipline that deals with the methods of reasoning

A

Logic

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2
Q

provides rules and techniques for determining whether a given argument
is valid.

A

Logic

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3
Q

earlier names for mathematical logic

A

Symbolic logic and metamathematics

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4
Q

method of representing logical expressions through the use of symbols
and variables, rather than ordinary

A

Logic

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5
Q

declarative sentence that is either true or false but not both.

A

Proposition

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6
Q

arbitrary representation and it is commonly
represented by letters p. q, and r

A

Propositional variables

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7
Q

the property of a statement being either true or false

A

Truth value

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8
Q

a combination of two or more simple
propositions.

A

Compound propositions

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9
Q

use to join or combine two or more
statements to form a new statement. Usually written as a
symbol that carries particular instruction of how to operate a
statement or compound statement

A

Logical connective

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10
Q

provides the truth value for the result of applying
operand on each possible set of truth values for the operands

A

Truth table

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11
Q

indicates the opposite; the symbol resembles a
dash with a tail (¬),
arithmetic subtraction
symbol (-), or a tilde (~ ).

A

Negation

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12
Q

a compound sentence formed
by the word AND to join two
simple sentences

A

Conjunction

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13
Q

the symbol ampersand (&) used
to signify this. Other
common symbols are a dot and
an upside down wedge (∧ ).

A

Conjunction

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14
Q

a compound sentence formed
by the word OR to join two
simple sentences

A

Disjunction

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15
Q

uses symbol called vel ( ∨ )

A

Disjunction

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16
Q

logical operation exclusive
disjunction.
Symbolized as XOR, EOR,
EXOR, or direct sum, ⨁ (circled
plus)

A

Exclusive-Or

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17
Q

logical operation exclusive
disjunction.
Symbolized as XOR, EOR,
EXOR, or direct sum, ⨁ (circled
plus)

A

Exclusive-Or

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18
Q

represents the inequality
function.

A

Exclusive-Or

19
Q

connective equivalent to the
composition of NOT AND; referred to as alternative
denial

A

NAND

20
Q

Notations used are ~ ∧ , ↑ (up
arrow) also known as sheffer
stroke

A

NAND

21
Q

a connective equivalent to the
composition of NOT OR
Also referred to as joint denial

A

NOR

22
Q

symbol used are ∽ ⋁, ↓ (down
arrow), also known as Quine
arrow.

A

NOR

23
Q

The statement “ïf p then q” is called ________

A

implication or conditional

24
Q

The statement “p if and only if q” is
called

A

biimplication or
biconditional (of p and q)

25
Q

Also known as logical equality

A

Biconditional statement

26
Q

Example: “If it is noon, then I am hungry.”
“If I am hungry, then it is noon.”

A

Converse

27
Q

“If it is noon, then I am hungry.”
“If it is not noon, then I am not hungry.”

A

Inverse

28
Q

“If it is noon, then I am hungry.”
“If I am not hungry, then it is not noon.”

A

Contrapositive

29
Q

Find the converse, inverse and contrapositive of the statement,
“If the train is late then the bus is full“

A

Converse: “If the bus is full then the train is late”
Inverse: “If the train is not late then the bus is not full”
Contrapositive: “If the bus is not full then the train is not late”

30
Q

a type of relationship between
two statements or sentences in propositional logic
with identical truth table(s).

A

Logical equivalence

31
Q

refers to the proposition
that is TRUE for all
possible values of its
propositional variables

A

Tautology

32
Q

refers to the proposition
that is FALSE for all
possible values of its
propositional variables.; also known as absurdity

A

Contradiction

33
Q

refers to the statement
that can either be TRUE
or FALSE, depending on
the truth values of its
propositional variables

A

Contigency

34
Q

consists of a set of premises and a conclusion.

A

Symbolic arguments

35
Q

what does the symbol ∴ denotes

A

Conclusion

36
Q

When is an argument valid

A

when its conclusion necessarily
follows from a given set of premises; ALL must be true

37
Q

When is an argument invalid or a fallacy

A

when the conclusion
does not necessarily follow from the given set of
premises

38
Q

Rule for Conjunction

A

Proposition is defined to be TRUE only
when both p and q are true, and false
otherwise

39
Q

Rule for Disjunction

A

Proposition is defined to be FALSE only
when both p and q are false, and true
otherwise

40
Q

Rule for Exclusive-Or

A

Proposition is defined to be TRUE when
exactly one of p and q is true, and false
otherwise.

41
Q

Rule for NAND

A

Proposition that is TRUE when either p
and q, or both are false; and is is false when p
and q are true

42
Q

Rule for NOR

A

Proposition that is TRUE when both p
and q are false, and it is false otherwise.

43
Q

Rule for conditional statement

A

Proposition that is TRUE for all input
values except when true implies false

44
Q

Biconditional statement

A

Proposition that is TRUE when both p
and q are either true or false, or else the
result is FALSE

MMW (5 decks)

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