Data Management pt. 1

Question 1

2 types of statistics

Answer 1

Descriptive and inferential

Question 2

Collection, organization, summary, and presentation of data. Beginning
i.e. measures of location, measures of variability, skewness and kurtosis

Answer 2

Descriptive

Question 3

interpretation and analysis of data.
conclusion is drawn based on the subset of the population
i.e hypothesis testing and regression analysis

Answer 3

Inferential

Question 4

the characteristic that is being studied
varies across individuals or objects

Answer 4

Variables

Question 5

data that can assume values that manifest the concept of attributes
AKA categorical data
Cannot be measured

Answer 5

Qualitative Variables

Question 6

finite number of possible values
CAN be counted but CANNOT be measured
Whole numbers

Answer 6

Discrete Variables

Question 7

data from counting or measuring
numerical data representing numerical value

Answer 7

Quantitative Variables

Question 8

infinite number of probable values, can be selected within a given rage
CAN be measured but CANNOT be counted

Answer 8

Continuous Variables

Question 9

Levels of Measurement

Answer 9

Nominal, ordinal, ratio and interval (NORI)

Question 10

used to label or classify variables using letters, words, and alpha numeric symbols. No particular order.

Answer 10

Nominal

Question 11

represents discrete and ordered units, follows a natural order

Answer 11

Ordinal

Question 12

tells the distances between measurements in addition to the classification and ordering

no true zero point

Answer 12

Interval

Question 13

most informative as it combines the first three levels,
order units that have the same difference

Answer 13

Ratio

Question 14

Examples of ratio

Answer 14

kelvin, height, weight, length, and time/duration

Question 15

steps in statistical inquiry or investigation

Answer 15

Defining the problem
Collection/ gathering of info or data
Organization/presentation of data
Interpretation of data

Question 16

2 types of sampling methods

Answer 16

Probability and Non-Probability

Question 17

equal chance of getting selected, includes entire population
lottery, fishbowl method, and table of random numbers

Answer 17

Simple Random Sampling

Question 18

everyone is assigned a number and individuals are chosen at regular intervals.

Answer 18

Systematic Sampling

Question 19

populations -> subgroups (strata) based on a relevant characteristic not all members are included though
(e.g. age, income, job role, gender …)

Answer 19

Stratified Random Sampling

Question 20

area sampling
population -> subgroups but all members are included

Answer 20

Cluster Sampling

Question 21

most accessible individuals to the researcher

Answer 21

Convenience sampling

Question 22

can be biased as some people are more likely to volunteer than others

Answer 22

Voluntary Response Sampling

Question 23

individuals are handpicked by the researcher, deemed most useful for the research

Answer 23

Purposive Sampling

Question 24

finding respondents through recommendations from previous participants

Answer 24

Snowball Sampling

Question 25

2 types of sources

Answer 25

Primary and secondary sources

Question 26

raw, first-hand evidence i.e. interview, statistical data, and artworks

Answer 26

Primary

Question 27

second-hand information and commentary from other researchers

Answer 27

Secondary sources

Question 28

Data collection techniques

Answer 28

Interviews Projective technique Delphi Technique Focus Groups Questionnaires (PIdeFoQue)= Putang Ina The Fuck?

Question 29

researchers ask qs by direct interviews or means of mass communications

Answer 29

Interviews

Question 30

indirect interview, respondents know why they’re being asked but the q is incomplete, to be filled in with their opinions feelings, and attitudes

Answer 30

Projective Technique

Question 31

each expert answers based on their field of specialization, then their responses are consolidated into one opinion.

Answer 31

Delphi Technique

Question 32

6-12 people with a moderator discussing one topic / issue

Answer 32

Focus Groups

Question 33

series of questions either open or close-ended related to the matter at hand.

Answer 33

Questionnaires

Question 34

Presentation of Data

Answer 34

Textual, Tabular, Graphic

Question 35

in narrative/ paragraph form combines text and figures in a statistic

Answer 35

Textual Presentation

Question 36

data is in tables, more comprehensible comparison of figures or report

Answer 36

Tabular Presentation

Question 37

presented in visual or pictorial form clear view of relationships through pics and colored maps

Answer 37

Graphic Presentation

Question 38

Types of Graphic Presentation

Answer 38

Line Graph, Bar Graph, Circle Graph/ Pie Chart, and Pictograph/Pictogram

Question 39

shows a trend over a period

Answer 39

Line Graph

Question 40

for comparison of simple magnitude can be horizontal or vertical

Answer 40

Bar Graph

Question 41

circle divided into parts, sizes are proportional to the magnitude/ percentages they represent shows component parts of a whole

Answer 41

Circle Graph / Pie Chart

Question 42

makes use of pictorial symbols to indicate data with a legend

Answer 42

Pictograph / Pictogram

Question 43

tabular arrangement of data with its classification / grouping according to magnitude / size

Answer 43

Frequency Distribution

Question 44

Number of given

Answer 44

n

Question 45

end numbers of a class highest and lowest value

Answer 45

Class Limit

Question 46

Total number of classes Sturge’s formula and Slovin’s formula

Answer 46

Number of Classes = K

Question 47

“true” class limits defined by upper and lower boundaries lower boundary can be determined by ave of the upper limit of a class and lower limit of the next class Add 0.5 to upper limit and subtract 0.5 to the lower limit

Answer 47

Class Boundaries =CB = +/- 0.5

Question 48

ave of the lower and upper limits of each class

Answer 48

Class Mark = midpoint = x

Question 49

difference of upper and lower boundaries of each class. affected by the nature of data and the number of classes

Answer 49

Class Interval = range = r = UL-LL

Question 50

the width of each class interval

Answer 50

Class size = LL+ R/K

Question 51

adding frequencies from highest to lowest

Answer 51

“Less Than” (

Question 52

adding frequencies from lowest to highest

Answer 52

“More Than” (>cf)

Question 53

Relative frequency = %RF

Answer 53

(f/n)(100) = %RF

Question 54

Cumulative Percentage (%>or

Answer 54

(>cf or

Question 55

When intervals are uniform, width of the bar must also be uniform x axis = class boundary (CB) y axis = frequency (F)

Answer 55

Histogram

Question 56

Constructed broken line curve x axis = midpoint (x) y axis = frequency (F)

Answer 56

Frequency Polygon

MMW (5 decks)

• Financial Management
• Data Management pt. 1
• Logic
• Data management pt. 2
• Data management pt.3