Logemann Chapter One

Question 1

Dysphasia

Answer 1

Difficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach; any patient perceived difficulty or discomfort in the process of moving food from mouth to stomach.

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of Dysphagia

Answer 2

• The inability to recognize food
• The inability to control food or saliva in the mouth
• Coughing before, after, or during a swallow
• Frequent coughing toward the end or immediately after a meal
• A sense of food sticking in the throat
• Recurring pneumonia
• Unexplained weight loss
• Gurgly voice quality or increase in secretions during or after a meal
• Prolonged meal durations
• A patient complaining of swallow difficulties

Question 3

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia symptoms observed during a diagnostic assessment procedure:

Answer 3

• Aspiration
• Penetration
• Residue/ food that is left behind in the mouth or pharynx after the swallow
• Backflow of food from the esophagus into the pharynx and/or from the pharynx into the nasal cavity

Question 4

Aspiration

Answer 4

Entry of food or liquid into the airway below the true vocal folds

Question 5

Penetration

Answer 5

Entry of food or liquid into the larynx at some level down to but not below the true vocal folds

Question 6

What is the SLP’s job regarding dysphagia?

Answer 6

Identify the symptoms during a diagnostic procedure and identify the physiologic or kinematic conditions that have cause the symptoms. It is important to fully understand the cause of the problems rather than simply identifying the patient’s symptoms.

Question 7

What other specialists may be included on an interdisciplinary team?

Answer 7

• primary physicians
• nursing staff
• dietitian
• OT
• PT
• pharmacist
• psychologist
• radiologist
• social workers
• family members/caregivers

Question 8

Why is instrumental evaluation necessary for suspected aspiration in patients?

Answer 8

• to identify the presence of aspiration
• to define the cause of aspiration
• to examine the immediate effects of selected treatment procedures and design appropriate therapy for the patient
• to determine the best method of nutritional intake

Question 9

What are some examples of patients with concurrent esophageal disorders?

Answer 9

• children born with neurologic impairments have a higher incidence of oropharyngeal swallowing problems and esophageal disorders
• individuals over 60 are at higher risk due to stroke, parkinson’s disease, motor neuron disease, etc.