Locomotor other

Question 1

sarcopenia definition and diagnostic criteria

Answer 1

age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function

Question 2

when should sarcopenia be considered?

Answer 2

bedridden,
can’t indep rise from a chair
measured gait speed

Question 3

which muscle fibres undergo greatest atrophy in ageing

Answer 3

type II = fast

Question 4

functions of calcium

Answer 4

Intracellular signal
Structural functions
o Physical strength for bone matrix
o Tight junctions: helps hold cells together
Cofactor in blood coagulation
Normal excitability of neurons and muscle

Question 5

functions of phosphate

Answer 5

• Energy transfer and storage (ATP, cAMP)
• Control of enzymes, transporter, ion channels
• Part of DNA and RNA backbone

Question 6

How is most calcium excreted?

Answer 6

Most in urine. (some in faeces)

Question 7

What is the effect of calcitonin on calcium and phosphate levels?

Answer 7

decreases calcium( in response to high calcium), decreases phosphate

Question 8

What is the effect of PTH on plasma calcium and phosphate levels?

Answer 8

increases plasma calcium in response to low calcium, ? decreases phosphate (because high PTH leads to hypophosphataemia)

Question 9

what are the other names for vit D3?

Answer 9

calcitriol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

Question 10

what is hydroxyapetite?

Answer 10

in bone matrix, includes calcium and phosphate

Question 11

which hormones control calcium metabolism?

Answer 11

PTH, calcitonin, D3 (calcitriol)

Question 12

functions of Vit D3 / calcitriol

Answer 12

increase plasma Ca (mechanism includes stimulating production of calbindin, a calcium-binding protein)

Question 13

Besides bone, which organs are involved in calcium regulation?

Answer 13

kidney and intestine

Question 14

What is the normal oral temp range?

Answer 14

35.8-37.8

Question 15

Define pyrexia of unknown origin

Answer 15

fever >38.3 on several occasions
prolonged illness 2-3 weeks
No diagnosis after investigations