Leg

Question 1

What 3 structures maintain normal alignment of the patellofemoral joint?

Answer 1

1. strong vastus medialis muscle
2. medial patellar retinaculum
3. raised lip on lateral femoral condyle

Question 2

Do most ankle injuries occur from inversion or eversion? Which ligament is damaged?

Answer 2

Inversion sprains damaging lateral collateral ligament (LCL), esp anterior talofibular band.

Question 3

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 3

Inflammation of plantar aponeurosis at its point of attachment to the calcaneus. Leads to heel pain.
Caused by traction on the aponeurosis e.g. jogging.
Can include development of bony spur/ osteophytic projection of bone.

Question 4

Perthes disease

Answer 4

Avascular necrosis of head of femur due to interruption of blood supply

Question 5

What are the hamstring muscles? Actions?

Which nerve?

Answer 5

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Hip extensors and knee flexors
Sciatic nerve

Question 6

What muscles are in the medial thigh compartment? Which nerve?

Answer 6

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Obturator nerve, except 'hamstring part' of adductor magnus

Question 7

What causes an ACL injury?

Answer 7

lateral rotation on extended weight-bearing leg

Question 8

3 reasons the medial meniscus is likely to be injured

Answer 8

less mobile, due to attachment to MCL
longer
horns further apart

Question 9

Which muscle unlocks the knee from extension?

Which way does it move the femur? Where does the tendon go? What is its origin and insertion?

Answer 9

Popliteus muscle moves the femur laterally.
Tendon goes under the LCL tendon.
Popliteus is intracapsular. Origin: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus, insertion: posterio surface of tibia.