Locomotion In Water Flashcards
Friction drag
Forced to overcome the cohesive forces of water
Bigger problem for smaller organisms
Newtons laws
1.
2.
- Velocity remains constant unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
- Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force
Pressure drag
Force needed to push the molecules out of the way
Bigger challenge for larger organisms that emphasize speed
Movement of flagella
Beat like corkscrew to draw organism towards
Movement and cilia
Often have thousands beating in tandem like a wave
Hydrostatic skeletons
Rely on fluid filled cavity
Pressure of fluid acts as surface against which the muscle contracts
For example cephalopods or squid use jet propulsion
Exoskeletons vs Endoskeletons
Exoskeletons limit the size of an organism while endoskeleton’s place no limit
Three types of movement with skeletons
Walking rowing and lateral undulation
Walking and rowing
Walking common in benthic animals
rowing common in any animal with limbs
-limbs are paddle like
Undulatory swimming
Swimming like a wave
Ex: Fish, Salamanders, lizards, snakes, some worms
Anguilliform
Undulatory swimming
Movement of the whole body
Carangiform
Undulatory swimming
Movement of part of the body
Ostraciform movement
Slow back and forth movement with a small tail. Like a dog wagging its tail
Ex: yellow box fish
Labriform movement
Pectoral fins push water
Ex: wrass
Balistiform
Undulation of dorsal and anal fins
Ex: triggerfish
