Locomotion Flashcards
Scapula attached to the trunk via extrinsic muscles. (slides across trunk allowing an increase in stride length).
what is synsascrosis?
- Latissimus dorsi
- Pectorals
- subclavius
- trapezius
- rhomboids
What are the extrinsic muscles responsible for retraction of the forelimb?
- Brachiocephalicus
- Trapezius
- Serratus
What are the extrinsic muscles responsible for protracting in forelimb ?
Pectoral muscles
What muscle(s) responsible for adduction between limbs?
- Trapezius
- rhomboids
- Serratus ventralis
- Infra/supraspinatus
What are the extrinsic muscles responsible for scapula rotation and elevation?
accessory nerve
what nerves innervate superficial extrinsic muscles?
branches of the brachial plexus
which nerves innervate deep extrinsic muscles?
- Loss/reduction of clavicle
- coracoid reduced
- synsasacrosis
what are the adaptations of the thoracic girl in the horse.
Pectoral branch from brachial plexus
Which nerves innervate the pectoral muscle
- triceps branchii
- deltoids
- teres major and minor
What muscles causes shoulder flexion ?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- coracobrachialis
- brachiociphalicus
- Biceps branchii
What muscles cause shoulder extension?
- coracobrachialis
- subscapularis
- teres major and minor
- deltoids
- Infaspinatus & supraspinatus
Which muscles are responsible for shoulder adduction/abduction and support?
-Biceps branchii
-brachialis
-carpal and digital flexors
musculo-cutaneous,median and ulnar
What are the muscles responsible for elbow flexion and the nerve thats innervates it?
-Triceps branchii
-carpal and digital flexors
Radial nerve
What muscles are responsible for the extension of the elbow and which nerve innervates it?
Flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
What are the muscles responsible for carpal flexion?
Extensor carpi radialis
extensor carpi ulnaris
what are the muscles responsible for carpal extension?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundis
What are the muscles responsible for flexion in the digits?
Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor digitorum lateralis
what are the muscles responsible for extension in the digits?
name some thoracic limb adaptations in the horse?
- scapula curved and slides along rib cage
- humerus large and robust
- Radio-ulnar articulation reduced or absent
what are the muscles responsible for hip extension (caudo-lateral)?
- Gluteal muscles (deep gluteal, middle gluteal & superficial gluteal)
- Hamstrings (semimembranous, semitendonous & biceps femoris)
What muscles are responsible for hip flexion (cranio-lateral)?
- Rectos femoris (Only part of the quadracep muscle that acts on the coxafemoral joint)
- gluteal superficialis
- Iliacus
What are the muscles responsible for adduction at the hindelimb?
- Gracilis
- Adductors
What muscles are responsible for abduction on the hindelimbs?
- Sartorius
- Gluteal muscles
- Piriformis
What muscles cause flexion at the stifle joint?
- Hamstings
- Gastrocnemius
- Poplitus