Localizing the Lesion

Question 1

Thoracic Limbs normal, pelvic limbs flaccid

Answer 1

LMN lesion in Lumbosacral plexus L4-S3

Question 2

Thoracic Limbs normal, pelvic limbs exaggerated reflexes

Answer 2

UMN lesion cranial to lumbosacral plexus L4-S3 and caudal to brachial plexus C6-T2

Question 3

Thoracic Limbs flaccid, pelvic limbs exaggerated reflexes

Answer 3

LMN lesion in Brachial Plexus C6-T2

Question 4

What does loss of deep pain sensation mean?

Answer 4

SEVERE Injury. Deep pain is the last to go. Prognosis for return to function is POOR

Question 5

Thoracic Limbs exaggerated reflexes and pelvic limbs exaggerated reflexes. Pelvic Limbs are WORSE than thoracic limbs

Answer 5

UMN Lesion in C1-C5

Question 6

Lesion located in spinal cord caudal to midbrain results in clinical signs on what side of the body?

Answer 6

Ipsilateral

Question 7

Lesion located cranial to midbrain results in clinical signs on what side of the body?

Answer 7

Contralateral

Question 8

Panniculus Reflex tests what Spinal Segment and Nerve?

Answer 8

T2 and Lateral Thoracic Nerve.

Question 9

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 9

L5 and L6

Question 10

Where do the first order sympathetic neurons lie?

Answer 10

T1 and T2 to L2

Question 11

What causes Horner’s Syndrome?

Answer 11

Damage to the sympathetic nerve at:

C6-T2

Question 12

What does Horner’s look like?

Answer 12

Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Miosis

Question 13

Clinical signs of Upper Motor Neuron disease

Answer 13

Exaggerated or Abnormal Spinal Reflexes
Weak or ineffective voluntary movement
GRADUAL muscle loss of bulk and tone
Loss of sensation

Question 14

What are some abnormal reflexes?

Answer 14

Babisnki Reflex - stroking metatarsus and extension of digits in animal with UMN injury
Mass Reflex - new reflexes form as a result of chronic denervation of LMNs