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VMCVM Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 distinct regions of the brain?

A 
Pons and Medulla (Myelencephalon)
Cerebellum (metencephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Thalamus/Hypothalamus
Cerebrum (telencephalon)
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2
Q

What region do UMNs decussate?

A

Midbrain, at the Red Nucleus (major motor center)

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3
Q

What’s the only nerve to directly associate with the cerebrum/telencephalon?

A

Olfactory (CN1)

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4
Q

What’s the only nerve to directly associate with the thalamus?

A

Optic (CN2)

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve is susceptible to CNS diseases rather than Peripheral nerve diseases?

A

Optic (CN2)

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6
Q

What’s special about CN2?

A

It is the only cranial nerve that is not a peripheral nerve but an extension of the central nervous system.

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7
Q

Trace the path of vision from the retina.

A

Retina –> Optic Nerve –> Optic Chiasm (decussation) –> LGN (in thalamus) –> Visual Cortex

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8
Q

Trace the path of the pupillary light reflex

A

Retina –> Optic Nerve –> Optic Chiasm (decussation) –> LGN –> Pretectal Nucleus (decussation) –> PSNS Nucleus of Occulomotor (CN3) (decussation) –> Constriction of right pupil

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9
Q

What is the net effect of CN3?

A

Move globe medially/towards the nose

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10
Q

What does CN3 do?

A

PSNS efferent innervation to the eye

Innervate DMV Rectus, ventral oblique and levator palpebra muscle

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11
Q

What does CN2 do?

A

carry visual input from retina to visual cortex

afferent PSNS innervation of the eye

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12
Q

What does injury to CN3 look like?

A

Dilated pupil
Laterally rotated globe -> ventrolateral strabismus
Ptosis or drooping eyelid

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13
Q

What causes Cats to have a unilateral D-shaped pupil?

A

Damage to Short Ciliary nerves in the retrobulbar space

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14
Q

What is the CN4?

A

Trochlear nerve and innervates Dorsal Oblique which Rotates the eye

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15
Q

What is CN6?

A

Abducens and innervates the Lateral Rectus and Retractor Bulbi muscle

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16
Q

What would a lesion to CN6 look like?

A

Medial Strabismus with bulging eyes and inability to pull eyes back in response to threatening or painful stimuli

17
Q

How do you test CN3, 4, and 6?

A

Rotating the head side to side looking for normal vestibular nystagmus

18
Q

What is CN5?

A

Trigeminal Nerve and provides sensation to the face and motor to the muscles of mastication

19
Q

What branch of the trigeminal nerve carries innervation to muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular

20
Q

How do you completely examine sensation of the face?

A

Test all branches of trigeminal nerve by stimulating muscles of the eye (ophthalmic), nose (maxillary) and mouth (mandibular)

21
Q

What is CN7?

A

Facial Nerve and innervates muscles of facial expression, tear production and the tongue (Rostral 2/3 of taste)

22
Q

What is CN9?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates muscles of the pharynx and caudal 1/3 of tongue taste sensation

23
Q

What is CN8?

A

Vestibulocochoclear nerve and innervates the ear for hearing and balance

24
Q

What are clinical signs of injury to CN8?

A

Loss of balance, head tilt, falling
Nystagmus, Strabismus
Hearing loss

25
Q

What is a more sensitive test of hearing than banging pots and pans?

A

BAER - Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Test

26
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

repepitive, uncontrolled movement of the eye

27
Q

What is strabismus?

A

improper location of the eye

28
Q

Where is the lesion with POSITIONAL strabismus

A

Vestibular injury

29
Q

What would lifting the head and getting a unilateral ventrolateral strabismus or eye droop indicate?

A

vestibular lesion on the same side

30
Q

What does a non-positional strabismus indicate?

A

not a CN8 lesion but CN3, 4 and 6 instead

31
Q

Dog has hardly any balance and falling/rolling/head tilt to the right, where’s the lesion?

A

can be peripheral or central but most importantly its VESTIBULAR

32
Q

True or False. Horner’s usually presents with Central Vestibular Lesions.

A

FALSE Horner’s will RARELY present with Central lesions but will USUALLY accompany PERIPHERAL lesions.
CN7, Horner’s and Peripheral Vestibulocochlear nerves run together at level of the ear canal.

33
Q

True or False Central Vestibular Nystagmus changes with body positions?

A

TRUE. Peripheral lesions will not change but Central DO change.

34
Q

Vertical Nystagmus makes you think _______ right away!

A

Central Vestibular Lesion

35
Q

Where do CN 9, 10 and 11 come from?

A

Medulla!!

36
Q

What are the primary clinical signs associated with damage to CN 9, 10 and 11?

A

Pharynx and Larynx irregularities:
Inability to swallow and inspiratory dyspnea
Laryngeal paralysis

37
Q

What does the CN 11 do?

A

Spinal Accessory and innervates trapezius, brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus

VMCVM Neuro (5 decks)

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