localization of cortical dysfunction

Question 1

levels of consciousness

Answer 1

awake, drowsy, lethargic, stupor, coma

maintained by Reticular activating system (RAS in upper brainstem) thalami, and cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

content of consciousness

Answer 2

confusion, delirium, dementia, encaphalopathy (non specific)

Question 3

Left vs right

Answer 3

dominant hemisphere

Non dominant: language (prosody tone, emotion), spatial attention

Question 4

attention

Answer 4

tycally the dominant (left ) only attends to only the right

non dominant attends to both left and right

Non dominant (right lesion): causes hemineglect

Question 5

Right vs left cerebral cortical lesion

Answer 5

Dominant (left): aphasia (impaired production or comprehension), and apraxia (cant act bc of motor planing)

Non dominant (right): aprosody (cant comprehend emotion), hemineglect

Question 6

frontal lobe

Answer 6

lateral surface (1’ motor, premotor, sup motor, frontal eye field, brocas area, pre frontal cortex)

Medial surface: 1’ motor, sup motor, pre frontal cortex and limbics and micturition inhibitory center

Orbitofrontal: limbic system, olfactory, prefrontal

Question 7

prefrontal cortex

Answer 7

used for restraint: inhibition of inappropriate behavior, executive functions like judgement,

Initiative motivation
Order of memory confabulation

Question 8

parietal lobe

Answer 8

primary somatosensory cortex

unimodal and multimodal association cortices (acalculia, agnosia( cant realize face) and hemi neglect

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

1’ auditory cortex, wernickes area, higher order visual processing, learning and memory

Question 10

occipital lobe

Answer 10

primary visual cortex, visual association cortices