Localism

Question 1

Morgagni

Answer 1

Early C18th
Organ pathology
On The Seats and Causes of Disease; established idea that disease is local in origin
Dissection and observation

Question 2

Bichat

Answer 2

Early C18th
Identified 21 types of elemental tissues
Bridge between organ pathology of Morgagni and cell pathology of Virchow
Did NOT use microscope

Question 3

Middlemarch, George Eliot

Answer 3

1870s; follows a physician who wishes to follow up on finding of Bichat - illustrating public interest

Question 4

What had previously discouraged surgery?

Answer 4

Hippocratic and Galenic ideas of four humours - fear of creating a state of dyscrasia (imbalance)

Question 5

Why was localism and tissue pathology influential to surgery?

Answer 5

Lead to idea that dysfunctional tissues could jus be removed

Question 6

What did McDowell do?

Answer 6

1809 removal of ovarian tumour

Question 7

Virchow

Answer 7

1855 - cellula e cellua - cellular pathology

Origin of cancer in cells

Question 8

What did Gall introduce

Answer 8

Early C19th - Phrenology - aimed to localise mental functions in the brain

Question 9

What did Broussais emphasise?

Answer 9

Early C19th
emphasized ‘lesions’; believed disease to be result of interrupted normal bodily function or ‘irritation’ (medical physiology); suggested blood-letting and dietary cures

Question 10

What did Corvisart emphasise?

Answer 10

Early C19th
Patient-specific diagnosis
Expanded ascultation - focus on individual organs
Emphasis on autopsies and physical examination to examine effect of disease on body

Question 11

Guy de Chauliac

Answer 11

Early C14th
Papal physician to 3 Popes
May have attended dissections but did not do his own
4 conditions for surgeon: education, skill, appearance/self-presentation, behaviour