Animal Experimentation

Question 1

Greco-Roman animal experimentation

Answer 1

Aristotle (Greek)
Eristastratus (G)
Galen (Roman)

Question 2

Arabic medicine animal experimentation

Answer 2

Avenzoar in C12th - practiced surgery on animals before humans

Question 3

Vesalius animal experimentation

Answer 3

1500s - animal AND human dissections to discover and lecture (educate) on this
Opposition to Galen who had only performed on animals and extrapolated from this

Question 4

1859

Answer 4

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Generated arguments both for and against animal experimentation - increased scientific accuracy, but also meant that they were closer to humans (moral issue)

Question 5

1660s

Answer 5

Robert Boyle - experiments on the effect of air on animals (compression)

Question 6

1890

Answer 6

Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments on animals

Question 7

1909

Answer 7

Freud Little Hans study

Question 8

1950s

Answer 8

Harlow’s monkey study

Question 9

1996

Answer 9

Dolly the Sheep cloned

Question 10

1822

Answer 10

‘Cruel treatment of cattle’ Act

Economic basis?

Question 11

1824

Answer 11

RSPCA formed

Sponsored by Queen Victoria in 1840 - royal interest?

Question 12

1835

Answer 12

Some blood sports become illegal in the UK

Question 13

1876

Answer 13

Cruelty to Animals Act regulated experiments on vertebrates

Question 14

Which countries in Europe did the anti-experimentation movement have less force in?

Answer 14

Italy, Spain and France- potential Catholic influence?

Question 15

What are the restrictions on the anti-experimentation movement?

Answer 15

Usually only an urban phenomenon
Hobbies of the upper-class unaffected

Question 16

Schopenhauer’s argument

Answer 16

Should not experiment on animals - as we share a coon will to exist

Question 17

Jeremy Bentham’s argument

Answer 17

Utilitarianism - most benefit for fmost people

Question 18

Which arguments emerged against animal experimentation?

Answer 18

Compassionate 
Moral
Biblical
Utilitarian
Schopenhauer

Question 19

When was the use of anaethesia imposed?

Answer 19

1841 - justifying experiments somewhat

though curare substitutions caused scandal, leading to its explicit ban in 1876

Question 20

What did Theile argue?

Answer 20

The medical utility to animal experiments made them justified
Anti-vivisectionists suffered following bacteriological advancements - showed utility

Question 21

What happened in 1930s US?

Answer 21

Medicine required safety testing on animals

Question 22

What did the 150s UK Thalidomide scandla cause?

Answer 22

Justification of need for experiments on animals

Question 23

What is the law nowadays?

Answer 23

Home Office must approve both private and public tests

Question 24

Statistics for modern experimentation

Answer 24

10% of psychological tests involve animals

Over 100mil animal tests estimated per year