⭐️ localisation of function in the brain✅ Flashcards
what is the brain separated into?
what are the 2 lobes in each hemisphere?
2 hemispheres
1) -frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
2) -parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
hemispheres:
what its the surface of the brain called?
how are the 2 hemispheres connected?
what does the corpus callosum allow?
what does the left hem control?
what does the right hem control?
the cerebral cortex
connected by a thick band of neural fibres called corpus callosum.
the two hemispheres to communicate with each other
- left= right side of body
- right= left side of body
the frontal lobe:
where is it located?
what does it control?
what is the motor cortex involved with?
at the front of the brain
motor control and language
planning and co-ordinating movement
the frontal lobe:
what is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
what is the Broca’s area essential for?
higher level cognitive functioning
language production - when you think what you want to say but cant say it
temporal lobe:
what part does it refer to? (its in the name)
what area is located in here?
what can damage to this area do?
what is wernickes area important for?
- our temples on the side of our head
- auditory area, concerned with analysis of speech based information
- partial hearing loss
- language comprehension
what is the definition of localisation of function?
the theory that different parts of the brain are responsible for different behaviours and activities
occipital lobe:
what area is part of this and what is it responsible for?
how is information transmitted?
- part of the visual area, responsible for receiving and processing visual info
- right visual field → left visual cortex
- left visual field → right visual cortex
parietal lobe:
what area inside of this is most common?
- somatosensory area = processes sensory information such as touch, heat and pressure
THE LANGUAGE AREA OF THE BRAIN:
what is the area in the frontal lobe response for language production called?
what can damage this area cause? what is this characterised by?
what is a real life example of this?
- broca’s area
- broca’s aphasia → slow speech and a lack of fluency
- TAN … he suffered brain damage and could understand spoken language but was unable to produce any coherent words, and could only say ‘Tan’. After Tan’s death, Broca conducted a post-mortem examination on Tan’s brain and discovered that he had a lesion in the left frontal lobe. This led Broca to conclude that this area was responsible for speech production.
THE LANGUAGE AREA OF THE BRAIN:
what area in the temporal lobe is responsible for language comprehension?
what did Wernicke find?
what happens when this is damaged?
- wernickes’s area
- patients had no problem producing language but they just couldnt understand it
- Wernicke’s aphasia… nonsense words will often be produced that dont make sense
AO3:
✅ strength
❌ weakness
✅ evidence to support - Phineas Gage had a metal rode through his left frontal lobe and lookout part of his brain, he survived but the damage to his brain left a mark on his personality. he’s now seen as short tempered and rude when he never used to be, suggest the frontal lobe may be responsible for mood regulation… therefore supports the idea of localisation
❌ although there is evidence from case studies to support the function of the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, more recent research has provided contradictory evidence. Dronkers et al. conducted an MRI scan on Tan’s brain, to try to confirm Broca’s findings. Although there was a lesion found in Broca’s area, they also found evidence to suggest other areas may have contributed to the failure in speech production. These results suggest that the Broca’s area may not be the only region responsible for speech production and the deficits found in patients with Broca’s aphasia could be the result of damage to other neighbouring regions.
