Local Area Networking (14) Flashcards
What numbers can IP addresses not end in
0 or 255
why can’t an IP address end with a 0?
because a .0 at the end identifies a LAN adress
What is a subnet mask?
a 32 bit address that segregates an IP address into network bits that identify the network and host bits that identify the host device operating on that network.
What 3 things do you need for your computer to be on the internet?
- An IP address
- Subnet Mask
- Give it a default gateway
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
to let your computer know whether it’s trying to communicate within its network or outside of it, and if you’re trying to communicate outside of it, to send it to the Gateway
What do IP adresses have / what are they composed of?
four octets between 0-255
Subnet masks are only used for what?
IPv4 IP addresses only use this
Where do you input IP adresses, subnet masks, and Gateways in a computer?
Network and Sharing Center
Where in Network and Sharing will you find the input locations?
network and adapter settings
Class C subnet masks are what?
255.255.255.0
What is the default gateway?
Your router
What is it called when you manually input the IP address?
Static IP
NAT (Acronym)
Network Address Translation
How does NAT save IP addresses?
With NAT,internal networks use private IP address and share a public adrress.
DHCP (Acronym)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
How are Dynamic IP adresses issued?
DCHP
How would you get more detailed IP info besides the network and adapter settings?
open up the command prompt and enter: ipconfig /all
APIPA (Acronym)
Automatic Private IP Addressing
What is APIPA
the fallback settings in case your computer cannot find the default DHCP server
What kind of address will APIPA always default give you?
169.256.X.X is what kind of default setting?
What class of IP address does APIPA automatically give you by default?
Class B
ipconfig
when you’re having problems with the DHCP Server
ipconfig /release
disconnect you from DHCP server
ipconfig /renew
reconnect you to a DHCP server
whats the fastest way to reconnect / fix DHCP issues?
right click your connection and hit troubleshoot
netstat
(Command) shows all the statistics for all the different types of connections on your particular system
netstat -n
gets rid of all the words and just shows the raw numbers for netstat (switch) and makes it easier to read
What does port 445 do in Windows?
shares folders
netstat -a
shows everything with netstat including ports (Switch)
Port 80
webservers; can be graphics card etc.
TCPView
a tool that functions pretty much like netstat and can be downloaded and uses a GUI
DNS
Domain Name System
FQDN
Fully Qualified Domain Name
What does a DNS do?
it takes a FQDN and meters out what IP address is associated with that domain name account.
ipconfig /all
how you can see your DNS server information
how do you statically configure your DNS (6 Steps)
- Network and sharing center
- change adapter settings
- select what you’re interested in
- properties
- ipv4
- use the following DNS server addresses
How to troubleshoot DNS connection issues
- manually configure DNS
- Use googles
what are two google DNS servers
- 8.8.8.8
- 8.8.4.4
nslookup
Command. one of the best DNS tools, but most DNS servers have locked down against nslookup except basic info. but it does allow you to verify authenticity and status
what is an a record
allows you to track ipv4 adress system names
mc Records
used by mail servers
Cname
Canonical Name
Every windows system is a member of a what or a what
workgroup or active directory domain
What is the difference between a workgroup and a domain (Windows)
workgroup is a basic organization essentially used to organize and has no security,
Domains must be connected to a windows server system.
Benefits to Active Directory Domain
incredible security
central administration from one computer
how is an active directory set up?
on a specialized windows server with proprietary software
NetBIOS / NetBEUI
Original metholodology for sharing stuff with mircrosoft.
NetBios
original naming system for microsoft computers
NetBEUI
Did the original communication creating connections between connections. (Microsoft computers)
NETBT
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
CIFS
Common internet file system (outdated
SMB
Server Message Block
Samba
Linux and macOS SMB protocol
whoami
command to let you know who you’re logged in as
What will make all windows computers on a single LAN automatically see each other?
if they’re in the same workgroup.
what must be true to access shared folders on a remote system?
you must have an account on a remote system
what 2 things does an active directory require?
- Domain Controller ( dedicated server )
- Windows Server Software
