Local Anesthetics Flashcards
examples of local anesthetics (amides)
amides have 2 i’s in their names
bupivacaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine
examples of local anesthetics (esters)
ESTERS have only 1 i in their names
tetracaine, procaine, benzocaine
what us the MOA of local anesthetics?
blocks voltage gated Na channels - preventing depolarization
state-dependent: activated> inactivated> resting
use-dependent: rapidly firing fibers usually blocked before slow fibers
how does hyperkalemia affect local anesthetics?
it enhances local anes activity
how does hypercalcemia affect local anes?
it antagonizes local anes activity
all local anesthetics are VASODILATORS except…
Cocaine!
local anesthetic with shortest half life
procaine
a PRO finishes the race fastest
local anesthetic with longest half life
ropivacaine
at the end of the long ROPe
This drug is also used for extravasation complications from venipunctures and inadvertent intra-arterial injections
procaine
local anesthetics for topical use
Benzocaine, cocaine, tetracaine (ophthalmic)
almost all local anesthetics cause antibody formation. what is the most allergogenic?
Tetracaine
a drug that is also for anti-arrythmia; used post MI and digitalis toxicity
lidocaine
what is the toxic dose if lidocaine?
5mg/kg
prilocaine has high propensity for what unique side effect?
Methemoglobinemia
due to metabolite o-toluidine
the iron is in ferric state (Fe +3)
drug with the severe cardiovascular toxicity profile
can cause arrhythmias and hypotension
bupivacaine (and ropivacaine)
treat cardiotoxicity with INTRALIPID (fat emulsion)
