Local Anesthesia Fundamentals Flashcards
What are the various types of topical anesthesias? What is the most common topical used?
Benzocaine
Spray, patches, liquids, gels, secondary syringe applicators, Oraqix gel
What class of drug is benzocaine?
Ester
What class of drug is lidocaine?
Amide?
What are contraindications for local anesthetics?
Lactation, ester allergies, methemoglobinemia (blood oxygen disorder)
What must be done to prep an area for local anesthesia?
Area must be dried
How long do we wait for the topical to take effect?
1-2 minutes for lidocaine, minimum 1 minute for benzocaine
In lab we wait 1 minute, remove excess with cotton prior to injection
What is the most common reason for topical anesthesia failure?
Insufficient time allowed for the topical to take effect
Some take 30 seconds, others can take several minutes
What is an adverse reaction that can occur from topical anesthesia?
Localized edema following application of benzocaine
What are the items in your armamentarium?
Syring, needle, cartridge, 2x2’s, mirror, cotton swab, topical
What are the parts of a syringe?
Thumb ring Finger grip Spring Guide bearing Piston Harpoon Barrel Needle adaptor
What is the standard of care for dental syringes?
Aspirating
Breech loading
Metallic
Cartridge-type syring
What is the purpose of a dental aspirating syring?
Permits ability of aspirating blood
Helps determine if the tip of the needle is located intravascularly
How are needles generally categorized?
Length and diameter
What are the three lengths of needles?
Long (32mm), short(20mm), ultra short (12mm)
What are the needle components?
Needle shaft with beveled tip
Penetrating end
Syring adaptor
Needle cap
Which way should the needle bevel be facing?
Toward the bone
What are the most commonly used needle gauges?
25, 27 and 30. We use 25 and 27
Needle cap colors can very between manufacturers and do not indicate length, but they will be color coded for gauge size, how do they code them?
Red= 25 gauge Yellow= 27 gauge Blue= 30 gauge
Components of an anesthetic cartidge
Cylindrical gass tube
Stopper
Aluminum cap
Diaphragm
Which vasopressor is used in local anesthetics and why?
Epinephrine, extends the working period of the drug
What is included in a cartridge?
Vasopressor drug
Antioxidants as preservative
Sodium chloride- makes solution isotonic
Distilled water- dilutes and adds fluid volume
What information is on the cartridge labels?
Trade and generic drug names Drug concentrations Dilutions of vasoconstrictors Name of manufacturer Expiration date
Color bands identify each drug
What are the 3 anesthetics we use at CCP and their concentrations?
Articaine 4% w/ Epi 1:100,000-GOLD
Lidocaine 2% w/ Epi 1:100,000- RED
Mepivicaine 3% plain- TAN
