Local Anesthesia

Question 1

Cocaine

Answer 1

• Ester
• Stimulant
• Vasoconstrictor

Question 2

Benzocaine

Answer 2

• Ester
• Primarily topical
• MetHb potential

Question 3

Tetracaine

Answer 3

• Ester (exception because esters are usually short acting)

- long-duration, potent used for spinal anesthesia, toxic at relatively low doses

Question 4

Procain

Answer 4

• Ester

- quick onset, short duration, hypersensitivity reactions, TNS impication

Question 5

Chloroprocaine

Answer 5

• Ester

- quick onset, short duration

Question 6

Lidocaine

Answer 6

• Amide

- quick onset, moderate duration, toxicity, TNS implication

Question 7

Mepivacaine

Answer 7

• Amide

- longer duration than lido, lowest pKa of injectable LAs, acts as vasoconstrictor

Question 8

Prilocaine

Answer 8

• Amide
• MetHb
• Component of EMLA

Question 9

Bupivacaine

Answer 9

• Amide
• long duration LA with devastating potential for cardiac tox
• Sensory block occurs before motor block

Question 10

Buvipicaine SR

Answer 10

• Amide

- Liposomally encapsulated for delivery up to 72 hrs/dose

Question 11

Ropivacaine

Answer 11

• Amide
• single enantiomer
• long duration LA
• similar to buvi but less cardiotox
• vasoconstrictor

Question 12

EMLA

Answer 12

-eutectic mixture of LA prilocaine/lidocaine for topical