Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Local > Flashcards

Local Flashcards

1
Q

Articaine

A 
Onset: Rapid
Duration: Short
Tissue Penetration: Good
Plasma 1/2 Life: .5 h
Unwanted Effect: as lidocaine
used in dentistry, hydrolysis of side chain inactivates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prilocaine

A 
Onset: Medium
Duration: Medium                     
Tissue Penetration: Moderate
Plasma 1/2 Life: -2 h
Unwanted Effect: no vasodilator activity, methaemogloginaemia (no OB use) in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bupivacaine

A 
Onset: Slow
Duration: Long
Tissue Penetration: Moderate
Plasma 1/2 Life: -2 h
Unwanted Effect: as lidocaine (>card toxicity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tetracaine

A 
Onset: Very slow
Duration: long
Tissue Penetration: Moderate
Plasma 1/2 Life: -1h
Unwanted Effect: as lidocaine
used for spinal and corneal anaesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mepivacaine

A 
Onset: Rapid
Duration: Medium
Tissue Penetration: Good
Plasma 1/2 Life: -2
Unwanted Effect: as procaine
less vasodilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lidocaine

A 
Onset: Rapid
Duration: Medium
Tissue Penetration: Good 
Plasma 1/2 Life: -2h 
Unwanted Effect: as procaine (< CNS effects)
IV for ventricular dysrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Procaine

A 
Onset: Medium
Duration: Short
Tissue Penetration: Poor
Plasma 1/2 Life: <1 h
Unwanted Effect: CNS &amp; Cards
1st synthetic agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cocaine

A 
Onset: Medium
Duration: Medium
Tissue Penetration: Good
Plasma 1/2 Life: -1h
Unwanted Effect: Cardio and CNS, block of amine uptake
spray for upper resp tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Local Anesthetics

A

block action potential by blocking Na Channel
Amphiphilic mlcs
weak bases (need unionized to cross membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LA block in the order of

A

small myelinated axons
non-myelinated axons
large myelinated axons
Nociceptive and sympathetic transmissions blocked 1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C- fibers

A 
slowest conduction
smallest
non-myelinated
dull pain, temp, touch
postganglionic autonomic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B-fibers

A

slower/smaller than A-fibers
slightly myelinated
Preganglionic autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A-gamma fibers

A

Myelinated
smaller of A fibers, but larger than B/C
motor/muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A-beta fibers

A

Myelinated,
fast/ large diameter
motor, touch, pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A-alpha fibers:

A

Myelinated
largest / fastest
motor, proprioception

Large fibers have highest conduction velocity and lowest threshold for excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A-delta

A

Smallest/slowest of A’s

pain, temp, touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differential blockade

*clinically

A

1st autonomic blockade
2nd sensory blockade
3rd motor blockade

18
Q

1) outer surface of peripheral nerve

2) inner surface of periph nerve

A

1) mantle

2) core

19
Q

Clinical sequence of anesthesia

A 
1st sympathetic block
      (warm skin- vasodilation)
2nd Lose pain/temp sensation
3rd lose proprioception
4th Loss of touch and pressure
5th Motor blockade
20
Q

LA’s block impulse conduction by preventing Na to pass through channels by

A

binding internally to channels and stabilizing them in inactivated-closed conformation state
*physically obstruct the external opening of channel

21
Q

LA chemically classified as

A

amioester
or
aminoamide
-have i in name before -caine

22
Q

Typical LA mlc has

A 
Mlc has
-lipophilic head (aromatic ring)
-intermediate chaine
   w/ amide (NH) or ester (COO-)
-hydrophillic tail (tertiary amine)
23
Q

Metabolism

A

-ester linkage easily hydrolyzed by esterase in plasma and tissues
(mostly liver)
(cocaine exception)

-amide metabolized in Liver

24
Q

Cm

A 
Min blocking concentration
Influenced by: 
-neuron diameter influence
-motor higher Cm than sensory nerve
-tissue pH
-frequency of stimulation
-potency of LA
25
Q

Eliminate conduction of A.P. by

A

blocking 3 nodes of ranvier in myelinated nerve fiber

-A fibers

26
Q

Differential Nerve Block

A

sensory w/ incomplete motor block

A-alpha/beta/gamma not completely blocked

27
Q

Pain conducting fibers

A

A-delta and C fibers

28
Q

LA Systemic Absorption Affected by:

A 
-Physiochemical characteristics
 (pKa, pH, lipid solubility)
-physiological conditions @ site
  (tissue pH, pCO2, temp)
-vol of solution (Vehicle used)
-concentration of LA
29
Q

High Absorption by type of block

A
  1. IV
  2. Tracheal
  3. Intercostal
  4. Caudal
  5. Paracervical
  6. Epidural
  7. Brachial Plexus
  8. Subarachnoid
  9. Subcutaneous
30
Q

Un-ionized LA –>

Ionized LA –>

A

diffuses across nerve sheath and membrane

binds to receptor inside channel

31
Q

Slow onset

Moderate Onset

A

Procaine
Tetracaine

Bupivacaine

32
Q

Fast onset

A

Chloroprocaine
Lidocaine
Etidocaine
Mepivacaine

33
Q

Main factor of potency?

Potent LAs?

A

Lipid Solubility

Etidocaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine

34
Q

Duration of . Action

A

Proportional to time LA in contact w/ nerve fiber

  • tissue blood flow
  • addition of vasoconstrictor
  • Lipid solubility
  • Protein binding **
  • intrinsic vasodilator activity
35
Q

LA + vasoconstrictor

A

inhibition of system absorption of LA
Prolong LA effect
Detection of IV injection

36
Q

Short DOA

A

Procaine

Chloroprocaine

37
Q

Moderate DOA

A

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine

38
Q

Long DOA

A

Bupivicaine
Etidocaine
Tetracaine
Ropivacaine

39
Q

Slow Onset

A

Procaine

Tetracaine

40
Q

Quick Onset

A

Chloroprocaine
Mepivacaine
Etidocaine
Lidocaine

41
Q

Moderate Onset

A

Ropivacaine

Bupivacaine

Pharm (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions