LO8 Mechanical Ventilation

Question 1

Mechanical ventilation

Answer 1

Refers to the application of device that provides patience varying degrees of ventilatory support

Question 2

Negative effects on body

Answer 2

Positive pressure ventilation increases intrathoracic and intraocular pressure which can result in barotrauma (pneumothorax) or volutrauma ( injured alveoli/impaired surfactant function)

An increase in interest or acid pressure can result in reduced venous return to the right side of the heart which may result in poor cardiac output and hypertension

Question 3

Negative pressure ventilation

Answer 3

A negative pressure ventilator operates by a drop in trans airway pressure gradient created by contraction of the diaphragm

Question 4

Monitoring Tubing

Answer 4

assists in the measurement of flow and pressures by taking information
to the ventilator for interpretation and display.

Question 5

Y–connection

Answer 5

brings the inspiratory limb, expiratory limb, and endotracheal tube together
to form a closed circuit.

Question 6

End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide

Answer 6

The measurement of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath.

Question 7

Manometer

Answer 7

A sensor within the ventilator permits several respiratory parameters to be
measured, such as: Peak pressure, Mean airway pressure, Plateau pressure and lung volumes.

Question 8

Respirometer:

Answer 8

Measurements of gas exchange can be made with a respirometer located within
the ventilator. This is done by measuring the change in the volume of gas surrounding the probe
during breathing. A respirometer will measure the rate of oxygen consumption and then
calculate the rate of production of carbon dioxide by comparison.

Question 9

Capnography

Answer 9

measures the concentration of CO2in expired gas

Question 10

The peak CO2 concentration

Answer 10

occurs at end-exhalation and is regarded as the patient’s “end-tidal CO2” (ET CO2), which approximates the alveolar gas concentration.