LO6 Positive Pressure Devices

Question 1

One-Person Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation indication and complications

Answer 1

Indicated for apnoeic patients and for patients who are breathing in adequately

Complications associated with the one person bag mask ventilation technique are typically related to in adequate tidal volume delivery which usually occurs secondary to poor technique in adequate mask to face seal or gastric distension

Question 2

Ventilation rates by age

Adult

Answer 2

Apneic with a pulse 10 to 12 breaths per minute with or without an advanced airway in place

Apneic and pulseless 10 breaths per minute after an advanced airway has been inserted ventilations can be asynchronous with chest compressions

Question 3

Ventilation rates by age

Infant and child

Answer 3

Apneic with a pulse 12 to 20 breaths per minute with or without an advanced airway in place

Apneic and pulseless 10 breaths per minute after advanced airway has been inserted ventilations can be asynchronous with chest compressions

Question 4

Two person bag mask ventilation indications, contra and complications

Answer 4

Indications for the two apnea, in adequate breathing, inability to ventilate the patient with one paramedic and spinal injury

Contra indications include patients who are in tolerant of the device

The only major disadvantage of two-person bag mask technique is that it requires additional personnel

Complications include hyper inflation of the patient’s lungs and gastric distension

Question 5

Gastric distention

Answer 5

The pressure in the airway forces open the esophagus and the air flows into the stomach

First it promotes regurgitation of stomach contents and vomitus creeping up the back of the throat rapidly finds its way into the patient’s lungs

Second a distended stomach pushes to die for an upward into the chest reducing the amount of space in which the lungs can expand

Question 6

signs of gastric distension

Answer 6

Signs of gastric distension include an increase in diameter of the stomach, an increasingly distended abdomen, and an increased resistance to bag mask ventilation

If the signs are noted reassess and reposition the airway as needed, apply Cricoid pressure and observe the chest for adequate rise and fall as you continue ventilating

Question 7

Artificial ventilation of the pediatric patient

Answer 7

A paediatric bag mask device with a minimum title volume of 450 mL should be used for full term neonate and infants

Question 8

how to apply cricoid pressure

Answer 8

Locate the cricoid ring by palpating the trachea for prominent horizontal band inferior to the thyroid cartilage

Apply gentle downward pressure using one finger tip in infants and thumb and index finger and children