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Proc 180 > lo5 and lo6 > Flashcards

lo5 and lo6 Flashcards

1
Q

WHMIS is organized by x but governed by x

A

-federal
-provincial

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2
Q

whmis 3 components for legislation

A

training
SDS
labels

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3
Q

Risk groups, individual and community risk for each

A

-Risk group 1- low individual risk, low community risk
-Risk group 2- moderate individual risk, low community risk
-Risk group 3- high individual risk, low community risk
-Risk group 4- high individual risk, high community risk

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4
Q

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET class 1

A

– low to moderate risk biological agents
- airflow is not recirculated and is released away from the operator into the atmosphere after filtration
through a HEPA filter. Protects operator and environment but does not protect the material within the cabinet

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5
Q

BSC class 2

A

– Product, personnel and environmental protection
-front access opening with inward airflow
- HEPA filtered, vertical, unidirectional airflow within the work area
- HEPA filtered exhaust air to the room or to a facility exhaust system

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6
Q

our 210A lab is what type of class

A

Class II Type B2 because the air does not recirculate back into the lab

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7
Q

Class III BSC

A

unocomman
– Total Containment Cabinets – gas tight, designed for use with high-risk
biological agents.
-Highest level of personnel, product and environmental protection.
-Level 4 pathogens

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8
Q

chemical hazard pictograms review slide 9

A
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9
Q

whmis label requirements 7

A

-Chemical name (formula if possible)
¡ Concentration (if applicable)
¡ Weight (if applicable)
¡ Hazards (danger or warning)
¡ Safe handling instructions (or reference to WHMIS SDS)
¡ Date of preparation
¡ Technologists first initial and last name

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10
Q

aerosols

A

Suspensions of
solid or liquid
particles in air
that may gain
access to the
respiratory
system

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11
Q

Centrifuge
spills must wait

A

30 min

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12
Q

grades of chemicals : Analytical Grade (A.R.)

A

-Highest purity level
* Trace substances listed
* Lot Analyzed
* Maximum Limits of Impurities
* Used in research lab for various tests

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13
Q

Chemically Pure Grade (C.P.), report limits ?

A
  • Not as pure as A.R. chemicals
  • Does not report the limits of impurities tolerated
  • Used most often in clinical laboratories
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14
Q

U.S.P. OR N.F. Grade

A
  • Used for pharmaceutical work
  • Must meet specifications made by the U.S.P. or the N.F.
  • Must report impurities that are injurious to health
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15
Q

Purified, Practical or Pure Grade

A
  • Used as starting materials for creation of other chemicals with higher purity
  • Use in clinical laboratories only if purified reagents are not available
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16
Q

Technical or Commercial Grade

A
  • Used commercially or for manufacturing
  • High degree of impurities
  • Not to be used in the clinical laboratory
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17
Q

Most commonly used substance in clinical laboratory testing is

A

water

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18
Q

Ions present in water can

A

falsely elevate values if they are the same as the
constituent being measured (i.e. Potassium
ions)

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19
Q

Impurities present in water can

A

interfere with a substance needed to perform a certain reaction

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20
Q

pH of water must be

A

kept at a specific value for
certain tests and stains

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21
Q

inorganic water impurities, 2 ex

A
  • Dissolve and
    ionize in solution
  • i.e., Chloride and
    sodium ions
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22
Q

organic water impurities

A
  • Contain carbon
    and do not ionize
    in solution
  • i.e.,
    Microorganisms
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23
Q

Particulate and Colloid water impurities

A
  • Do not dissolve in water
  • i.e., Dust and sand
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24
Q

Dissolved Gases 2 ex

A
  • Dissolved gases in water
  • i.e., Nitrogen, carbon dioxide
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25
Q

methods of water purification 5:

A

No single method is able to remove all four at once, so they are used in combination
to perform purification

-distillation
-deionization
-reverse osmosis
-filtration
-adsorption

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26
Q

distillation, what is it removing and the process

A

-Converts water to steam, then condenses it back to water

-Pure water boils at lower temperature than impure water
-Water vaporizes and impure substances are left behind

-Removes minerals and organic matter

-Cannot remove volatile substances like ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, and low-boiling organic compounds
-Distilled water is not sterile

27
Q

DEIONIZATION/DEMINERALIZATION

A

¡ Removes ionic impurities by covalently binding the ions to resin beads

¡ Cannot remove non-ionized impurities
¡ Resin beads are coated with either anionic or cationic substances to attract the
oppositely charged impurities
¡ Liberate H+ and OH- that combine to form water

28
Q

REVERSE OSMOSIS

A

¡ Impurities are separated from water by applying a high pressure across a
semi-permeable membrane

¡ Membrane will allow water through but will prevent dissolved solids from moving
through

¡ Removes dissolved solids, organic impurities, ionic impurities

¡ Cannot remove dissolved gases
¡ Usually used as a pretreatment before distillation or deionization

29
Q

FILTRATION

A

-Water is filtered through glass or cotton microfibers

-¡ Removes particulate matter, insoluble matter, emulsified solids, and microorganisms

¡ Can be used before, after, or before and after other forms of water purification
¡ Filters can be as small as 0.2 µm

30
Q

ADSORPTION

A

¡ Activated charcoal, clay, silicates, or metal oxides are used to facilitate adsorption of impurities from water

¡ Removes organic impurities

Activated carbon beds are often used to
removed organic material and chlorine by
trapping materials in small pores or on the
surface of carbon granules

31
Q

TESTING FOR WATER PURITY 7 things

S,p,m,o,h,s,h

A

Specific Conductance and Resistance :Tests the number of ions present in the water; ↑ specific resistance = ↑ purity

pH: Ensures the pH of pure water is between 6 and 8 pH

Microbiological Impurities :Tests the number of bacteria present in water; expressed as colony forming units per mL of water (CFU/mL)

Organic Matter:Ensures that the water has less than 500 particles/litre greater than 0.2 micrometres in size

Hardness : Measures the sum of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water

Silicate : Determines the amount of soluble silica (sand) in mg/L.

Heavy metals: Ensures the amount of lead and mercury in water is less than 0.01 mg/L

32
Q

STORAGE OF WATER

A

¡ Water should be stored in approved storage containers
¡ Borosilicate glass, PVC, ABS plastics, etc.
¡ Should not be stored over long periods of time

33
Q

Clinical Lab
Reagent Water
(CLRW)

A
  • Highest purity
  • Used in clinical lab
  • Certain specifications
34
Q

Special Reagent
Water
(SRW)

A
  • Less pure than CLRW
35
Q

Instrument Feed
Water

A
  • Internal rinsing,
    dilution and water
    bath functions of
    automated
    instruments
  • Use CLRW for this
36
Q

Manufacturer
Diluent or
Reagent Water

A
  • Provided by
    manufacturer for a
    particular analyzer
  • Do not use in place of
    CLRW or SRW unless
    validated
37
Q

Commercial
Water

A
  • Free from
    contamination
  • Drinking water
  • Must be validated for
    use in the lab
38
Q

Autoclave/Wash
Water

A
  • No specifications but
    should be pure enough
    to not contaminate
    the media or washed
    glassware
39
Q

MONITORING WATER PURITY

A

¡ Measuring parameters at certain intervals and documenting them
¡ Implementing periodic maintenance of the system
¡ Intermittent system sanitization

40
Q

CHEMICAL REAGENT PREPARATION

A

-Use best available grade
- smallest bottle
-Always replace top
-Stoppers should stay in fingers
-Always mix the reagent
- use an aliquot vessel

41
Q

WHMIS definition and 3 Key elements of the system are

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Identification
System

¡ Hazard classification
¡ Cautionary labelling of containers
¡ Provision of (material) safety data sheets ((M)SDSs)
and worker education and training programs.

42
Q

GHS

A

¡ Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling for Chemicals
¡ An internationally consistent approach to classifying
chemicals and communicating hazard information
though labels and safety data sheets
¡ Hazard classification and communication
requirements of WHMIS have now been aligned
(2015) with those of GHS to allow for easier
communication between the US and other trading
partners.

43
Q

WHMIS/GHS CHEMICAL LABELLING 7 parts

A

¡ Chemical name (formula if possible)
¡ Concentration (if applicable)
¡ Weight (if applicable)
¡ Hazards
¡ Safe handling instructions (or reference to WHMIS SDS)
¡ Date of preparation
¡ Technologists first initial and last name

44
Q

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS

A

¡ No container labelling.
¡ Wrong container labelling.
¡ Excessive storage of flammable or toxic materials.
¡ Insufficient label information.
¡ Multiple conflicting labels.
¡ Prolonged shelf life that may cause the formation of dangerous compounds

45
Q

CHEMICAL LABELLING RULES

A

¡ Do not accept chemicals for use or disposal unless they are identified
¡ All containers of chemical materials and gases must have adequate labeling without
exception
¡ Always read and re-read label before use
¡ Make sure the container is appropriate for the substance it is to contain and is
uncontaminated
¡ When reusing a container, remove all contents and all labels and rinse out – then relabel
¡ To prevent hazards from unidentified samples, make sure all containers are labelled,
inventories are routinely reviewed, and old samples discarded, and special precautions are
taken to dispose of unlabeled samples

46
Q

DRYING CHEMICALS. CBS

A

¡ Use a hot air oven (min. 1 hour at 110 degrees C)
or desiccator
¡ Desiccator is used to achieve/maintain low
humidity
¡ Examples: calcium chloride, barium oxide, silica gel

47
Q

DESICCANT AND USE OF A DESICCATOR

A

¡ Chemical that combines with moisture from the surrounding atmosphere
¡ Some are better than others, but no desiccant can keep air within a closed desiccator perfectly dry.
¡ Do not handle bottles placed inside the desiccator directly with fingers (use tongs)
¡ Do not open the cover any more than necessary – lets in moisture!

48
Q

STANDARD SOLUTIONS

A

Standard is a solution which has one or more accurately known characteristics
¡ Standards are used as a basis for determining or calculating by comparison the same
characteristics in an unknown
¡ The exact concentration of the standard is known or can be calculated

¡ Standards are made by accurately weighing out a pre-determined amount of the pure
chemical/solute and dissolving it in an accurate volume of solvent

49
Q

Primary Standard

A
  • Accurately weighed out chemical at a pre-selected
    concentration
  • Use analytical [reagent] grade chemicals 99.5% or more
    pure
  • Must be stable substances or definite composition
  • Must be non-hygroscopic (do not absorb water while
    weighing)
50
Q

Secondary Standard

A
  • Solutions whose specific concentration is determined
    by standardization with primary standards
  • Made from a primary standard
51
Q

Stock Standard

A
  • It is a standard solution that is made to a concentration that is
    most stable for that chemical in solution
  • Too high of a concentration to use for daily work
  • Stable for a long period of time
  • May need to be stored in amber bottle or have preservatives
    added
  • Saves accurately weighing out the chemicals daily
  • Can be either a primary or a secondary standard
52
Q

Working Standard

A
  • Standard solution made from stock standard
  • Lower concentration for routine analysis
  • Is less stable than stock so must be made fresh more frequently
53
Q

CARE OF STOCK STANDARDS

A

¡ Bottles kept tightly stoppered to prevent evaporation of the solvent
¡ Mix standard solutions well to ensure proper consistency
¡ Portions of solutions do not go back into the same bottle
¡ Storage:
¡ May require dark/amber bottle to protect from sunlight
¡ May require refrigeration
¡ Should be labelled following the WHMIS guidelines

54
Q

Type of balance used depends on

A

the amount of chemical to be weighed and the
accuracy it requires

55
Q

Analytical balance

A

usually to 4 or 5 decimal places

56
Q

Top loading balance

A

usually to 2 or 3 decimal places

57
Q

WEIGHING DISHES/BOATS

A

¡ Used to weigh out crystal or powder
chemicals
¡ Have plastic or wax coating to
prevent chemicals from adhering to
the sides of the vessel and allows
rinsing

58
Q

WEIGHING BOTTLES

A

¡ Used when weighing fine powders or hygroscopic substances
¡ Prevents loss of fine powder chemicals due to air currents
¡ Minimizes amount of moisture absorbed by hygroscopic chemicals

59
Q

QUANTITATIVE TRANSFER

A

¡ A technique used to transfer material and dissolve it in solvent, without any loss of the material.

60
Q

BASIC PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING SOLUTIONS

A
  1. Obtain the appropriate chemicals and glassware
  2. Place a small volume (approx. 1/3 total volume) of diluent in volumetric flask
  3. Accurately weigh out the chemical
  4. Transfer weighed chemical in flask using a dry funnel (rinse with diluent)
  5. Add diluent (approx. ½ to 2/3) to flask and mix to dissolve
  6. Bring total volume to calibration mark (QS)
  7. Place lid on flask and invert to mix
61
Q

Dry chemical solute, readily soluable

A
  • Readily soluble in water
  • Basic procedure is
    sufficient
62
Q

Dry chemical solute, not readily soluble . Ex

A
  • Not readily soluble in
    water
  • Basic procedure used
    with addition of heat or
    magnetic stirring bar
  • i.e. benzoic acid in
    water
63
Q

Stock acid or base solute, 3 parts

A
  • Basic procedure
    followed in a fume
    hood or a BSC
  • Always add acid to
    water (exothermic rx)
  • Do not wipe glass
    pipette tip
64
Q

FILTRATION, 2 types

A

Gravity filtration: gravity pulls the liquid through the paper

Vacuum filtration: vacuum employed to speed up process

Proc 180 (4 decks)

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