LO5/6 Physically Mentally challenged Flashcards
Conductive deafness
is a usually curable temporary condition caused by an injury to the eardrum, and infection or simply a buildup of earwax in the external auditory canal
Sensorineural deafness
which is permanent may be caused by a lesion or damage to the inner ear or a damage to the eighth cranial nerve
Dysarthria
the inability to make speech sounds correctly
Results from a lack of muscle control and coordination of the larynx, tongue, mouth and lips
Language disorders
stroke, traumatic head/brain injury, brain tumor, delayed development, hearing loss, lack of stimulation or emotional disturbance may cause damage to the language center of the brain and lead to aphasia
Aphasia
is loss of ability to communicate in speech, writing or signs primarily affect the single aspect of language used such as ability to recall names of objects
Fluency disorders
person speech pattern is broken interrupted or repetitious
Voice production disorders
refer to the way the voice sounds these may be slightly easier to understand than other speech impairments
Paraplegia/Quadriplegia
Process is the inability to voluntarily move one or more body parts it may be caused by a head trauma, cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury, malignancy, neuromuscular disease, trauma, or birth defects
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body, possibly from Stroke or head injury
Parapeligia
paralysis of the lower part of the body possibly from thoracic or lumbar spinal injury or spina bifida
Quadriplegia
process of all four extremities in the trunk, possibly from a cervical spine injury
Dysphagia
caused by a partial paralysis of the esophagus is the inability to swallow
Integrate care for the mentally impaired patient
Mental illness is a generic term for a variety of
illnesses that result in emotional, cognitive, or
behavioral dysfunction
Developmental disability is a permanent condition
that means a person develops slower and differently
than others do
Assessment specific to the mentally impaired patient
Speak to the patient as well as family members or caregivers,
to determine the patients level of understanding and
interaction.
Change or a break in routine may be overwhelming for the
patient. Be compassionate and try to reduce any anxiety.
Treatment should be based on the chief complaint, unless
related to their mental disability.
Down Syndrome
Features:
Eyes slope upward at outer corners
Folds of skin on either side of the nose that cover the inner corners of the eyes
A small face and small facial features
Large, protruding tongue
Flattening on back of head
Short, broad hands
Cerebral Palsy
Is a developmental condition that causes damage to the brain, typically the frontal lobe
It is a self limiting condition and doesn’t worsen over time
Begins in infancy, milestones like walking, crawling and talking maybe delayed
70-80% of CP cases are “spastic” (near constant state of contraction)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Autoimmune condition that attacks the myelin sheath of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
MS presentation usually follows a pattern of attacks and remissions
The initial attack double vision and blurred vision or common reports other symptoms include muscle weakness impairment of pain, temperature and touch, tremors, speech disturbances, vertigo, bladder or bowel dysfunction, depression, euphoria, cognitive abnormalities and fatigue
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
A non neurological condition of genetic origin marked by degeneration of muscular tissue
Many forms of MD exist
May affect all types of muscles including respiratory and cardiac muscles
Mostly males
Diagnosed before 5 years old
Life expectancy not past 20 years
Poliomyelitis
Viral infection
In children
Fecal oral route
Multiplies in intestine and moves to neuro system
Through vaccinations this disease has been almost eradicated from the world
Poliomyelitis
s/s NV Sore throat Diarrhea Stiff neck Weakness or paralysis
Spina bifida
Developmental condition resulting from a neural tube defect
Because the neural tube does not close a portion of the spinal cord remains outside its normal location
In most severe forms the defect interferes with normal movement of CSF pressure builds within the brain causing increased ICP and seizures
Be aware that many of these patients have latex allergies
Cystic fibrosis
Is a chronic disfunction of the endocrine system that targets multiple body systems but primarily the respiratory and digestive system
Usually fatal don’t live past their teens
Is caused by defective recessive gene which makes it difficult for chloride to move through the cells this causes unusually high sodium loss and abnormally thick mucus secretions no nothing
