LO3/4 EENT Flashcards
Glaucoma
Increased pressure with the eye due to an obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor
Swelling on the optic nerve
Glaucoma
Signs and Symptoms:
Intense ocular pain
Blurred vision or cloudy vision
Dilated pupil
Colored halo around lights
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of peripheral vision
*Acute angle-closure glaucoma is an emergency that require immediate
ophthalmologic consultation – transport promptly
Causes
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
Retinal Detachment
The separation of the inner (neuronal) layer of the retina from outer (pigment) layer.
Retinal Detachment
Signs and Symptoms:
Painless (retina does not contain sensory nerves)
Visual disturbances
—Shadowing, Floating spots, Blindness
Retinal Detachment
Management:
True emergency requiring immediate ophthalmologic intervention. Transport promptly. Keep in mind the visual impairment of the patient.
Corneal injury
Patients complaining of an ocular “foreign body” sensation will generally have either a corneal abrasion or a foreign body.
Corneal injury
Signs and Symptoms:
Significant eye pain Foreign body sensation Photophobia Tearing Eyelid edema
Conjunctivas
almost immediately and the eyes begin to predict tears in an attempt to flush out the object
Irritation of the cornea or conjunctiva cause intense pain
Blunt eye injuries
Hyphemia
is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye that scares vision partially or completely
An orbital blowout fracture
is the fragments of a fractured bone can entrap some of the muscles that control movement causing double vision especially with upward gaze
physical examination of the eyes
Orbital rim: for swelling, lacerations, and tenderness
Eyelids: for swelling, and lacerations
Corneas: for foreign bodies
Conjuncativae: for redness, pass, inflammation in foreign bodies
Globes: the redness, abnormal pigmentation and lacerations
Pupils: for size, shape, equality and action to light
Eye movement in all directions: for paralysis of gays or discord nation between the movement of the two eyes (deconjugate gaze)
Visual acuity: make a rough assessment by asking the patient to read a newspaper handheld visual acuity chart
Anisocoria
condition in which the pupils are not of equal size
Eye Injury Management
Cover the injured eye to protect from external elements.
Both eyes may have to be covered to prevent irritation caused by excessive eye movement.
Transport to appropriate health care facility.
Cataract
Cataract is defined as an abnormal progressive condition of the lens of the eye, characterized by
the loss of transparency.
The cataract is the only common abnormality of the lens.
Cataracts usually occur after the age of 50, and they are also inherited.
Most cataracts are centrally located; however, peripheral cataracts do occur
Otitis Media
Infection of the middle ear cannal
common in children 6-36 months old
usually preceded by an upper respiratory infection
Otitis Media
Signs and Symptoms:
Pain Fever Sense of fullness in the ear Diminished hearing Usually only one ear is affected
Otitis Externa
aka “swimmers ear”
Inflammation or infection of the external canal or the auricle
Major causes include allergy, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and trauma
abrasions of the ear canal may become infected and excessive swimming may wash out the
protective waxy substance (cerumen) and lead to secondary infection
Otitis Externa signs and symptoms
Pain
Pus in the ear canal
Swelling of the ear canal
Pain increased by touching the tragus or the ear canal
Vertigo-”dizziness”
Most cases of vertigo can be attributed to illness or injury involving the ear.
Loses sense of balance
Vertigo-”dizziness”
Management:
Supportive care. Assess pulse oximetry. Assess blood sugar level. Administer oxygen if required. Gravol Transport to appropriate health care facility.
Ruptured ear drum
Perforation of the tympanic membrane can result from foreign bodies in the ear or from pressure related injuries such as blast injuries or diving related injuries
Ruptured ear drum
Signs and symptoms
perforated tympanic membrane include loss of hearing and blood drainage from ear
Dental Abscess
Abscess that forms in the bone or soft tissue of the jaw. Results of an infection that follows dental caries or injury to a tooth.
Dental Abscess
signs and symptoms
Fever (severe infection)
Visual ‘sore’ on the gum line
Flu-like symptoms
(severe infection)
Pain and pressure feeling at the site of infection
