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Physical education- unit 1 > LO4: Respiratory system > Flashcards

LO4: Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Filter, moisten and air before it’s enters the body
Done by mucous membrane and hair
Entry point for 70%

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2
Q

larynx function

A

voice box
Speech is created from air moving over the vocal cords, moved by muscles creating speech and sounds

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3
Q

Pharynx

A

Connects the mouth, nasal cavity and throat
Helps warm air and aids speech ability
In the back of the throat

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4
Q

Trachea

A

Tube
Connects larynx and pharynx to lungs
Kept open by c-shaped cartilage
Because it allows movement in comparison to bones

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5
Q

Epiglottis

A

Cartilaginous flap
Allows food into oesophagus and air into trachea
Not the other way would cause:
air in stomach and choking

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6
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

volume of air inspired or expired per breath
aprox. 500ml

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7
Q

what is frequency?

A

the number of breaths per minute
aprox. 12-15

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8
Q

what is minute ventilation?

A

the volume of air inspired and expired in a minute
aprox. 6-7.5L

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9
Q

inhalation air percentages?

A

oxygen- 21%
carbon dioxide- 0.04%
nitrogen- 78%

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10
Q

exhalation air percentages?

A

oxygen- 16%
carbon dioxide- 4%
nitrogen- 78%

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11
Q

what’s meant by external respiration?

A

between capillaries and alveoli
exchange of O2 and CO2 in lungs, external as they exchange in the atmosphere

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12
Q

inspiratory reserve volume:

A

volume of air available after tidal volume that can be inspired

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13
Q

expiratory reserve volume:

A

volume of air available after tidal volume that can be expired

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14
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

the total volume of air that can be inspired and expired

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15
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

volume of air left in lungs after maximum forced expiration

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16
Q

what is total lung capacity?

A

total volume of lungs at maximum inflation
TLC= RV+VC

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17
Q

What’s external respiration?

A

Gaseous exchange between the alveoli (lungs) and the capillaries (body)

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18
Q

What is Internal respiration?

A

Gaseous exchange between the capillaries (body) and tissues (cells/muscles/organs)

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19
Q

Where does bronchi branch from?

A

Trachea into left and right lungs

20
Q

Bronchi appearance?

A

Similar to trachea

21
Q

Role of bronchioles?

A

Branch of bronchi and lead to alveoli
Get smaller the closer they get

22
Q

Alveoli explanation?

A

Small, grape like structure
Covered in a mesh of capillaries
There’s approx 7 hundred million

23
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A dome shaped muscle
During inhalation flattens and returns to dome during expiration

24
Q

what’s the plural for bronchi?

A

bronchus

25
Q

To inhale, what additional muscles during exercise contract?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis major

26
Q

To exhale what additional muscles contract during exercise?

A

Rectus abdominus
Internal intercostals

27
Q

What type of intercostals contract or relax?

A

External

28
Q

What’s the movement of the ribcage during inspiration?

A

Pulled up and out

29
Q

What’s the movement of the ribcage during expiration?

A

Pulled in and down

30
Q

What’s the air pressure within the lungs during inspiration?

A

It decreases

31
Q

What’s the air pressure within the lungs during expiration?

A

It Increases

32
Q

What’s the volume of the Thoracic cavity during inhalation?

A

It increases

33
Q

What’s the volume of the Thoracic cavity during expiration?

A

It decreases

34
Q

What’s meant by reserve?

A

Kept for a later purpose

35
Q

pathway of air?

A

nasal cavity

pharynx

trachea

bronchi- primary, secondary, tertiary

bronchioles

alveoli

36
Q

What’s the value of average frequency?

A

12-15 breaths per minute

37
Q

What’s the average value for tidal volume?

A

500ml

38
Q

What’s tidal volume during exercise?

A

3-4 litres

39
Q

What’s the average value of minute ventilation?

A

6-8 litres

40
Q

What’s the average minute ventilation during exercise?

A

12-40 litres

41
Q

Frequency during exercise?

A

40-60 bpm ( breaths per minute )

42
Q

pathway to the lungs:

A

nasal cavity

pharynx

epiglottis

larynx

trachea

bronchi

bronchioles

alveoli

43
Q

how do you calculate total lung capacity?

A

residual volume + vital capacity

44
Q

How do you calculate minute ventilation?

A

Frequency x tidal volume

45
Q

what is meant by partial pressure?

A

the concentration of an individual has within a mixture of gases

Physical education- unit 1 (5 decks)

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