LO1: skeletal system Flashcards
Where are blood cells produced?
Long bones within bone marrow
At a joint, what covers the ends of the bones and the appearance?
Hyaline/articular cartilage
Bluish,white and hard and smooth - reduces friction
Bursa:
Fluid filled sacks - reduce friction
Between skins ligaments and bones
Meniscus:
pads of tissue - absorb shock and reduce impact
Between cartilage and within synovial fluid
What is the name of the core section of the skeleton:
Axial
What makes up the axial skeleton:
Sternum
Cranium
Ribs
Vertebral column
Sections of the vertebral column:
Come to Loughborough swimming club
C- ervical
T- horacic
L- umbar
S- aurum
C- occyx
Condyloid:
At the wrist
Flexion, extension and circumduction
What’s a sesamoid bone?
Function of movement
It’s within a tendon
Eg. Patella
Functions of the skeleton:
Shape
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood cell production
Mineral storage
What makes up the pelvic bone?
Illium
Iushim
Pubis
Long bone functions:
Movement- length acts as ideal lever, for attachment
Blood cell production- within bone marrow
Short bone functions:
Support- stability as they are as long as they are wide
Also acts as jigsaws between bones that facilitate movement bridging the gaps
Flat bone functions:
Protection- large flat area to protect vital organs
Movement- muscle attachment
Irregular bones function:
Protection- spinal cord the vertebral column
Movement- muscle attachment
Support- of the scaffold
Sesamoid bone functions:
Movement- smooth surface for tendons to slide over increasing the force it transmits
What’s the joint capsule?
Protective layer around the joint
What type of joint is the cervical?
made of 7
C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) are pivot
C3-7 are gliding
What sections of the vertebral column are cartilaginous?
(12) thoracic
(5) lumbar
What sections of the vertebral column are fixed?
(5) sacrum
(4) coccyx
What are ligaments?
Connects bone to bone
Stabilise the joint
What are the synovial joints:
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
Saddle
Gliding
Condyloid
radioulnar
Short term effects of exercise, skeletal?
P-
increased production of synovial fluid and range of movement
N-
Increase risk of joint injury from high impact
Long term effects of exercise, LO1?
P-
increased bone density, ligament strength
Reduced chance of osteoporosis
N-
Stress fracture from repeativeness
Lower back pain from weight activity
Order of bones in the hand?
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Order of bones in the foot?
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What are slightly movable joints called?
Cartilaginous
Where is pivot joint found?
Neck- atlas and axis
What’s horizontal adduction also called?
Horizontal flexion
What’s horizontal abduction also called?
Horizontal extension
What part of skeleton is the scapula?
Appendicular
Shoulder blade at the back
What part of the skeleton is the sternum?
Axial
What connects the ribs
Role of tendons?
Connects muscle to bone
What are the two short bones?
Carpals
Tarsals
What bones form the ankle joint?
Talus
Tibia
Fibula
Where are blood cells produced?
Bone marrow, within long bones
What is the difference between fixed and fused?
Fused is when the bone is fully grown
- eg your cranium that grows to accommodate your brain
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
Protection: of the spinal cord
Movement
Shape and support: hold scaffold
Mineral storage
What is the scaffold?
The upper body
What are vertebrae?
The bones within the vertebral column
What is the singular of vertebrae?
Vertebra
