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Unit 4 > Lo3 > Flashcards

Lo3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is digestion

A

Food molecules are too large to be absorbed by the body
So they are broken down into smaller molecules in order to absorb nutrients

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2
Q

What is the buccal cavity

A

It is the mouth
Where mechanical digestion begins

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3
Q

What does the salivary glands produce

A

Saliva to help moisture the food

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4
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

Thin flap in the throat that prevents food and water from entering the trachea and lungs

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5
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

Muscular tube which food is squeezed down

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6
Q

What is the stomach

A

A muscular each that churns out good around and starts chemical digestion

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7
Q

What does the liver do

A

Processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestines

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8
Q

What does the liver make

A

Bile

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9
Q

What is the function of gall bladder and bile duct

A

It stores most of the bile produced by the liver

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10
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Makes enzymes used in the small intestines
Neutralise the chyme

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11
Q

What is the jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestines
Chemical digestion ends here

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12
Q

What is the ilium

A

Third part of the small intestines

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13
Q

Function of the ilium

A

Absorbs nutrients from the chyme

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14
Q

What is the caecum

A

The first part of the large intestine

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15
Q

What is the rectum

A

The last part of the large intestines

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16
Q

What is the small intestines

A

Muscular tune that digests carbohydrate

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17
Q

What is the large intestines

A

Where water is reabsorbed from waste

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18
Q

The steps of digestion

A

Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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19
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Food is broken up into smaller pieces by the acts of chewing churning and segmentation

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20
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Food is broken down by chemical agents

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21
Q

What does master action mean

A

Chewing

22
Q

What does saliva contain

A

Amylase

23
Q

What does the oesophagus carry

A

Bolus of food

24
Q

What does the bile duct do

A

Secrete bike in small intestines

25
Q

What does villi do

A

Increase surface area to allow nutrients to be absorbed

26
Q

What does the villi contain

A

Blood capillaries
Central vessel

27
Q

How villi are adapted for efficient absorption

A

Capillary network
Thin layer of epithelial cells
Surface area is large to speed up diffusion

28
Q

What does assimilation mean

A

The movement of digested molecules into the cells of the body where they are used

29
Q

What does elimination mean

A

Indigested food such as dietary fibre is excrete as faeces from the rectum via the anus

30
Q

What does absorption mean

A

Nutrients moving across the villi of the ileum

31
Q

What does ingestion mean

A

Food is taken into the mouth

32
Q

What does detoxification mean

A

Breaking down of toxic products

33
Q

What does deamination mean

A

Liver gets access amino acids Turning into amonia

34
Q

What is IBS

A

Condition affecting the digestive system

35
Q

What are the causes of IBS

A

Over activity of part or parts of the gut

36
Q

Triggers for IBS

A

Fried food
Chocolate
Stress
Alcohol
Processed Foods
Fizzy drinks
Caffeine

37
Q

Symptoms of IBS

A

Bloating
Nausea
Stomach pains

38
Q

How to manages IBS symptoms

A

Drink more water
Keep a diary
Get plenty exercise

39
Q

Tests for IBS

A

blood test
Tests on poo

40
Q

What are gall stones

A

Hard particles that develop in the gall bladder due to an imbalance in the composition of bile

41
Q

Causes of gall stones

A

Cholesterol inside the gall bladder
Bilirubin in the gall bladder

42
Q

Risk factors of gall stones

A

Female
Overweight
Over 40
Have recently lost weight

43
Q

Symptoms of gall stones

A

High temperature
Rapid heart beat

44
Q

What is coeliac disease

A

Auto immune disease
Reacts to gluten

45
Q

Symptoms of coeliac disease

A

Stomach ache
Bloating
Constipation
Diarrhoea

46
Q

Causes of coeliac diseas

A

Auto immune disease from reaction to gluten

47
Q

Risk factors to coeliac disease

A

Have a relative with it

48
Q

What does endoscopy mean

A

Inserting a microscopic light sources and video camera at the end of a long flexible tube through either end or gut

49
Q

What is a biopsy

A

A sample of tissue that is taken from the body is examined under a microscope

50
Q

What is a lithotripsy

A

Using high frequency sound waves to vibrate apart solid objects like gall stones

51
Q

What is an ultrasound

A

Using high frequency should to generate internal images of structures within the body

52
Q

What is a colonoscopy

A

A type of endoscopy up rectum

Unit 4 (6 decks)

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