Lo3 Flashcards
What is digestion
Food molecules are too large to be absorbed by the body
So they are broken down into smaller molecules in order to absorb nutrients
What is the buccal cavity
It is the mouth
Where mechanical digestion begins
What does the salivary glands produce
Saliva to help moisture the food
What is the epiglottis
Thin flap in the throat that prevents food and water from entering the trachea and lungs
What is the oesophagus
Muscular tube which food is squeezed down
What is the stomach
A muscular each that churns out good around and starts chemical digestion
What does the liver do
Processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestines
What does the liver make
Bile
What is the function of gall bladder and bile duct
It stores most of the bile produced by the liver
What does the pancreas do
Makes enzymes used in the small intestines
Neutralise the chyme
What is the jejunum
Second part of the small intestines
Chemical digestion ends here
What is the ilium
Third part of the small intestines
Function of the ilium
Absorbs nutrients from the chyme
What is the caecum
The first part of the large intestine
What is the rectum
The last part of the large intestines
What is the small intestines
Muscular tune that digests carbohydrate
What is the large intestines
Where water is reabsorbed from waste
The steps of digestion
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
What is mechanical digestion
Food is broken up into smaller pieces by the acts of chewing churning and segmentation
What is chemical digestion
Food is broken down by chemical agents
What does master action mean
Chewing
What does saliva contain
Amylase
What does the oesophagus carry
Bolus of food
What does the bile duct do
Secrete bike in small intestines
What does villi do
Increase surface area to allow nutrients to be absorbed
What does the villi contain
Blood capillaries
Central vessel
How villi are adapted for efficient absorption
Capillary network
Thin layer of epithelial cells
Surface area is large to speed up diffusion
What does assimilation mean
The movement of digested molecules into the cells of the body where they are used
What does elimination mean
Indigested food such as dietary fibre is excrete as faeces from the rectum via the anus
What does absorption mean
Nutrients moving across the villi of the ileum
What does ingestion mean
Food is taken into the mouth
What does detoxification mean
Breaking down of toxic products
What does deamination mean
Liver gets access amino acids Turning into amonia
What is IBS
Condition affecting the digestive system
What are the causes of IBS
Over activity of part or parts of the gut
Triggers for IBS
Fried food
Chocolate
Stress
Alcohol
Processed Foods
Fizzy drinks
Caffeine
Symptoms of IBS
Bloating
Nausea
Stomach pains
How to manages IBS symptoms
Drink more water
Keep a diary
Get plenty exercise
Tests for IBS
blood test
Tests on poo
What are gall stones
Hard particles that develop in the gall bladder due to an imbalance in the composition of bile
Causes of gall stones
Cholesterol inside the gall bladder
Bilirubin in the gall bladder
Risk factors of gall stones
Female
Overweight
Over 40
Have recently lost weight
Symptoms of gall stones
High temperature
Rapid heart beat
What is coeliac disease
Auto immune disease
Reacts to gluten
Symptoms of coeliac disease
Stomach ache
Bloating
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Causes of coeliac diseas
Auto immune disease from reaction to gluten
Risk factors to coeliac disease
Have a relative with it
What does endoscopy mean
Inserting a microscopic light sources and video camera at the end of a long flexible tube through either end or gut
What is a biopsy
A sample of tissue that is taken from the body is examined under a microscope
What is a lithotripsy
Using high frequency sound waves to vibrate apart solid objects like gall stones
What is an ultrasound
Using high frequency should to generate internal images of structures within the body
What is a colonoscopy
A type of endoscopy up rectum
