Lo2- Proteins 🍗🍳🧀 Flashcards
How much of the diet should come from protein?
20%
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What happens when proteins are heated?
Denaturation ➡️ links change
What are the functions of proteins?
- Helps the body to grow
- Maintains the body to keep it working well
- Repairs the body if it is damaged
- Alternative energy source
- Formation of enzymes ➡️ helps speed up chemical reactions + digestive enzymes break up food
- Maintain a healthy immune system ➡️ needed to make antibodies + antibodies help detect harmful substances + illnesses
What are meat sources of protein?
- Beef
- Mutton
- Veal
- Chicken
- Pork
What are the seafood sources of protein?
- Fish
- Prawns
- Crabs
- Mussels
- Crayfish
What are farm products sources of protein?
- Eggs
- Dairy products e.g milk, cheese
What are plant sources of protein?
- Pulses - beans, lentils, peas
- Legumes - long, French, snow beans
- Nuts - peanuts, almonds, cashews, seeds
Are soya beans a high or low biological value source of protein?
High biological value
Is quinoa a high or low biological value source of protein?
High biological value
What makes up a protein molecule?
. Carbon
. Hydrogen
. Oxygen
. Nitrogen
. Sometimes sulphur or phosphorus
What does the R on a protein molecule represent?
Bonds are straight or branched in their simplest carbon chains
How is peptide formed?
. When 2 amino acids combine they form structure called peptide
. Bound by the peptide bound
What are the steps to form a protein molecule?
- Amino acids link to form a peptide bond
- The chain folds
- Into a complex protein molecule
How is a polypeptide chain formed?
When amino acids are linked together
How is a protein molecule formed?
Formed when a polypeptide chain grows longer and begins to fold into a complex structure
What are the 2 types of amino acids?
Essential and non essential amino acids
What are some characteristics of essential amino acids?
. VITAL
. can’t be produced by body
. Must be obtained from food
What are some characteristics of non- essential amino acids?
. NOT VITAL
. can be produced by body
. Not necessary to obtain from food
What does biological value mean?
How well proteins in a food can be absorbed by our body
How many essential amino acids does high biological value foods have?
Provides body with all 8 of the essential amino acids
. Also called complete proteins
What are some sources of high biological value proteins?
. Meat
. Poultry
. Milk
. Cheese
. Seafood
. Soya beans
How many of the essential amino acids do low biological value proteins have?
. Lack 1 or more essential amino acids
. Also called incomplete proteins
What are the sources of low biological value proteins?
. Found in plant sources such as cereals, e.g rice + wheat, legumes, pulses + nuts
. Exception of soya beans
Who is protein complementation most important for?
Vegans
What is protein complementation?
Combining 2 Low Biological Value proteins in order to get a high biological value protein
What are some examples of protein complementation?
. Beans on toast
. Peanut butter on toast
. Hummus + pita bread
Why is protein complementation good for us?
- Cheaper
- Better for your health ➡️ less saturated fats
- Increased fibre
What are novel sources of protein?
Growing demand for protein that is suitable for vegetarians over recent years. There has now been a development of meat alternative products
What are some examples of novel sources of protein?
- Tempeh
- Mycoprotein
- Soya
- Tofu
- Miso
- Textured vegetable protein
