Lo2- Carbohydrates 🍞🧇🍝🍰

Question 1

Are carbohydrates a macronutrient?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

How many groups are carbohydrates divided into?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What are the 2 groups of carbohydrates called?

Answer 3

1. Starches
2. Sugars

Question 4

What elements are carbohydrate molecules made up of?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen+ oxygen

Question 5

Are sugar and starches our main source of energy?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What percentage of the body is made from carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Approximately 1-2%

Question 7

What do most food contain?

Answer 7

. Carbohydrates
. Amounts of sugar, starch+ fibre differ

Question 8

What foods are sugars naturally present in?

Answer 8

1. Milk
2. Fruits
3. Vegetables
4. Honey

Question 9

What foods are the most common sources of sugar?

Answer 9

Sugar beet and sugar cane

Question 10

What foods are also a common sources of sugar?

Answer 10

1. Honey
2. Treacle
3. Golden syrup

Question 11

What foods are Starch found in?

Answer 11

1. Potatoes
2. Bread
3. Pasta
4. Rice

Question 12

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

1. Source of energy 1g=3.75 kcal
2. Glucose oxidised +energy released
3. Act as a protein sparer ➡️ protein allowed to do primary function

Question 13

What are the steps to getting energy from carbohydrates?

Answer 13

1. Carbohydrates are eaten
2. During digestion carbohydrates break down into simple sugars
3. These then get absorbed into bloodstream as glucose
4. Glucose gets sent to body cells by hormone insulin
5. Cells use glucose as fuel. What isn’t stored for later or as fat

Question 14

What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates divided into?

Answer 14

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 15

What are some features of monosaccharides?

Answer 15

. Simplest carb molecule
. E.g glucose, fructose, galactose most common
. Glucose = C6H12O6

Question 16

What are some features of disaccharides?

Answer 16

. Formed when 2 monosaccharides join with elimination of 1 molecule of water
. General formula C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = C12H22O11 + H20
. Glucose+ Glucose = Maltose+ water
E.g sucrose (glucose+fructose)
. Lactose (glucose+galactose)
. Maltose (2 molecules of glucose)

Question 17

What are some features of polysaccharides?

Answer 17

. Made up of many monosaccharide molecules joined together
. General formula = (C6H10O5)n where n is large number
E.g starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin

Question 18

Where is fibre found in foods?

Answer 18

. In whole grains
. Fruit and vegetables
. Especially skin covering seeds

Question 19

What is fibre?

Answer 19

Mixture of substances (mainly complex carbs) - not digested in small intestine

Question 20

What is fibre also known as?

Answer 20

A Non-Starch Polysaccharide in Uk
. E.g cellulose, pectin, guar gum = found in fruits, beans + cereals