LO2 Flashcards
Which process allows oxygen to pass through the alveoli walls?
diffusion
What are some causes of asthma?
- walls of bronchioles become inflamed
- narrowing of airways
- exposure to allergies: pet hair, pollen
What are some causes of emphysema?
- smoking
- dust
- reduced sites for gaseous exchange
What is the function of the larynx?
- connects the back of the nose and the trachea, forming an air passage to the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
muscle anchored to the lower ribs that separates the chest from the abdomen
Why is the tracheal cartilage C - shaped?
to allow food to travel down the oesophagus
What are pleural membranes?
cover the outside of the lungs and line the inside of the chest wall
What are intercostal muscles?
muscles found between the ribs
What is gaseous exchange?
a process that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between capillaries and alveoli
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What does the capillaries having a lower concentration of oxygen than the alveoli result in?
diffusion of oxygen from an area of higher concentration (the alveoli) to an area of lower concentration in the red blood cells (in capillaries).
What is the respiratory process?
- inspiration (breathing in)
- exchange of gases from lungs to blood
- transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
- exchanges of gases from blood to tissues
- metabolism
- expiration
What is the role of ATP?
store and supply the cell with energy it needs
Where does cellular respiration take place?
the mitochondria
What is required for aerobic respiration to take place?
oxygen and glucose
What does aerobic respirtaion produce?
carbon dioxide and water
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
if oxygen is not available
- it provides less energy
What are some symptoms and effects of asthma?
- breathlessness
- tightness of chest
- wheezing
asthma attacks - inhaler to open airway
What is the biological explanation of asthma?
- inflammation of the bronchi, which carry air in and out of the lungs, causing the bronchi to be more sensitive than normal
- contact with allergens - makes airways become narrow, muscles around them tighten and there is an increase in production of sticky mucus
What are some symptoms and effects of emphysema?
shortness of breath
wheezing
persistent cough
frequent chest infections
What is the biological explanation of emphysema?
the airways of the lungs become inflamed and narrowed
- as the air sacs (alveoli )get permanently damaged, it becomes more difficult to breathe out
What are some symptoms and effects of cystic fibrosis?
lung problems - recurring chest infections, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath
digestive system - diarrhoea, diabetes, jaundice
What is the cause of cystic fibrosis?
both parents must have the copy of the mutated gene
What are some lifestyle changes and care needs someone with emphysema should take?
- give up smoking
- avoid air pollution
- mobility aids
- home help
