LO1 Flashcards
What is the function of plasma?
fluid that transports substances dissolved in water
- helps with temp regulation of the body
What is the function of an erythrocyte?
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body
- no nucleus: increases space to carry max amount of haemoglobin
- bi-concave shape, round and flattened: maximise surface area for exposure to oxygen
- small and flexible: get into narrow blood vessels called capillaries
What is the function of a lymphocyte?
a cell that produces antibodies to fight against infection
What is the function of a neutrophil?
a cell that destroys bacteria to prevent infection
What is the function of a platelet?
has a role in blood clotting
- help to form blood clots by clumping together, to slow or stop bleeding and to help wounds heal
Why is it important to regulate body temperature?
- human body needs to maintain constant temperature of 37 degrees
- cell/body functions will start to shut down if temp gets too high or low
- enzymes become denatured
Treatments for hypertension:
- medication to reduce blood pressure
- medication to slow heart rate
- beta blockers
What is the ideal blood pressure?
between 90/60 and 120/80 mmHg
What is considered a high blood pressure?
140/90 mmHg or higher
Symptoms of hypertension:
rarely has any noticable symptoms
What does high blood pressure damage?
the blood vessels
What does the higher number represent when measuring blood pressure?
- the systolic pressure
the force at which your heart pumps blood around the body
What does the lower number represent when measuring blood pressure?
- the diastolic pressure
the resistance to the blood flow in the blood vessels
What are some conditions that can cause high blood pressure?
- kidney disease
- diabetes
- under/ overactive thyroid
What are some factors that can increase the risk of high blood pressure?
- age (increase as you get older)
- family history
- lack of exercise
- smoking / regularly drinking large amounts of alcohol
What are some impacts on lifestyle you should take if you have high blood pressure
- changes in diet ( balanced with low fat and salt
- regular exercise
- reduce alcohol intake
- get enough sleep ( reduce stress)
What are the impacts of hypertension?
can lead to an increased risk of coronary heart disease, strokes and kidney disease
What are some roles of the lymphatic system?
- removes excess fluid from body tissues
- drainage and filtration system
- absorbs fatty acids and transports fat into bloodstream to be absorbed in the small intestine
- produces white blood cells - turn into antibodies
What are some symptoms of coronary heart disease?
- tight chest
- breathlessness
- chest pain
- heart attack
Which is the liquid part of the blood?
plasma
Which cells transports oxygen in the blood
erythrocyte
Which is the largest type of white blood cell that helps to prevent infection?
monocyte
Which is a cell fragment important in the clotting of blood?
platelet
What is the role of hydrostatic pressure in the formation of tissue fluid?
forces water and dissolved substances into surrounding tissues, forming tissue fluid
What is the role of the vena cava?
- superior/inferior vena cava is a vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the right atrium
What is the role of the pulmonary artery?
carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs through the right ventricle
What is the role of the coronary artery?
- carries blood to the heart which supplies it with oxygen and nutrients
What is the role of the antrioventricular node?
delays impulses to allow time for atria to empty blood into ventricles
What is the role of purkyne fibres?
specialised cardiac muscle that transmits impulses through ventricle walls
What is the role of the sinoatrial node?
initiates contraction of heart muscle and is also known as the ‘pacemaker’.
