LO1 - Personality Disorders

Question 1

Locus of control - internal

Answer 1

Sense of control over the external world
Belief that rewards and successes are due to self efficacy
Positive internal LOC = happiness and satisfaction

Question 2

Locus of control - external

Answer 2

Blame others for what occurs
Views self as victim of others, life or situations
Feelings of powerlessness

Question 3

Hippocrates 4 bodily humours

Answer 3

Irritable and hostile - yellow bile
Sad melancholic - black bile
Optimistic and extroverted sanguine - blood
Apathetic phlegmatic - phlegm

Question 4

Diathesis stress model

Answer 4

Diathesis = genetic vulnerabilities including personality traits and temperament
Stress = physical, psychological, environmental and social environment

Question 5

Personality disorders cluster A

Answer 5

Odd or eccentric

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

Question 6

Paranoid PD

Answer 6

Persistent mistrust and suspicion
Believe others are out to harm, take advantage of or betray
Unsubstantiated doubts and fears
Fast to anger

Question 7

Schizoid PD

Answer 7

Persistent patterns of aloofness
Desires solitary activities
Don’t want/like close relationships
Lack desires
Emotionally distant and detached
Apathetic

Question 8

Schizotypal PD

Answer 8

Persistent difficulty with relationships
Lack of close friends
Strange, eccentric, or peculiar behaviour
MAGICAL THINKING
Unusual perception
Under stress may become psychotic and require hospitalization

Question 9

Cluster B

Answer 9

Dramatic, emotional or erratic

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

Question 10

Antisocial PD

Answer 10

“Sociopath” or “psychopath”
Non conforming to social norms
Disregard and violates rights of others
Frequent lying and deceiving people
Impulsive, irritable, aggressive, reckless, irresponsible, and lack remorse
Callousness = profound lack of empathy
Less likely to achieve remission

Question 11

Borderline PD

Answer 11

Persistent volatile interactions with others
Extreme impulsive and frenzied attempt to prevent abandonment
Intense unstable relationships
Self mutilation and suicide attempts are common
SPLITTING

Question 12

Splitting

Answer 12

Black and white thinking
Defence mechanism
Reality viewed in polarizing categories
Common in BPD and narcissistic PD

Question 13

Histrionic PD

Answer 13

Persistent pattern of extreme attention seeking
Wants to be centre of attention
Provocative
Dramatic and theatrical
Impressionable
Thinks relationships are closer than they are

Question 14

Narcissistic PD

Answer 14

Persistent pattern of pretentiousness
Sense of entitlement
No empathy
Exaggerated self worth
Fixated on fantasies
Narcissistic injury and rage

Question 15

Cluster C

Answer 15

Anxious and fearful

Avoidant
Dependant
Obsessive-compulsive

Question 16

Avoidant PD

Answer 16

Persistent patterns of shyness, feelings of incompetence, and extreme sensitivity to criticism
Avoids situations and interactions
Difficulty forming intimate relationships
Fear of ridicule
Think of themselves as inferior
Feels disparaged and unwanted

Question 17

Dependant PD

Answer 17

Persistent extreme desire to have someone take care of them
Subservient and clingy
Difficulty with decisions
Fear of. It being liked
Lack of self confidence
Feeling of helplessness

Question 18

Obsessive-compulsive PD

Answer 18

Persistent pattern of worry and concern over orderliness, perfectionism, control and details
Forgo relationships and leisure activities
Meticulous, rigid and conscientious
Trouble with delegation
Trouble throwing away things
Offer co-occurs with anxiety disorders

Question 19

Other personality disorders include..

Answer 19

Personality change due to medical condition
Other specified personality disorder
Unspecified personality disorder

Question 20

Malingering

Answer 20

Not a personality disorder
Behavioural pattern
Deliberate creation of fake or overstated symptoms
Motivated by incentives

Question 21

Treatment options for PDs

Answer 21

Pharmacological
Psychotherapy
CBT
DBT

Question 22

Pharmacological interventions

Answer 22

SSRIs and SNRIs
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics
Benzodiazepines (limited use due to dependency)

Question 23

Interventions for cluster A

Answer 23

Frequent short interactions
Serious straightforward approach
Schizoid - improve functioning and resources
Schizotypal - self care, community functioning, social skills

Question 24

Interventions for cluster B

Answer 24

Problem solving
Anger management
Limit setting
Time out
Impulse control
Confrontation

Question 25

Interventions for cluster C

Answer 25

Identify positive attributes
Positive affirmations
Encourage autonomy and self reliance
Identify and express feelings
Assertiveness, problem solving and social skills
Cognitive restructuring