LO1 COMPLETE

Question 1

What is equality?

Answer 1

Equality means to ensure that a person is being treated fairly, given the same opportunities regardless of differences and treated according to their individual needs.

Question 2

What is Diversity?

Answer 2

Diversity involves recognising, respecting and accepting individuals’ differences. These could include: differences in faith, race, gender and so on.

Question 3

What are some examples of different aspects of diversity?

Answer 3

Some aspects of diversity include: social class, language, race, religion,music, food,dress,gender etc.

Question 4

What do the following words mean?
- Empowerment
- Independence
-inclusion
-respect
-dignity

Answer 4

Empowerment: Care workers enabling and supporting individuals to be in control of their lives.
Independence: Not relying on others and having the freedom to make your own decisions.
Inclusion: ways of working that provide individuals with equal opportunities so that they are involved and feel they belong.
Respect: having regard for the feelings,wishes or rights of others.
Dignity: care that promotes and does not undermine a person’s self respect.

Question 5

What are the basic human rights of individuals?

Answer 5

Choice: gives individuals control over their lives and increases self esteem because it promotes independence and empowerment.
Confidentiality: means that private information should be shared only with individuals who are directly involved with an individual’s care.
Protection from abuse and harm: care settings and practitioners should have safeguarding procedures and safety measures in place and should follow health and safety legislation.
Equal and fair treatment: Individuals working in or using health, social care or childcare services should be treated within the law and according to their needs.
Consultation: Individuals using health, social care or childcare services should be asked for their opinions,views about their care and treatment; this should inform the care they receive.
Right to life: An individual’s life is protected by human rights law; everyone’s right to life should be valued and respected.

Question 6

What are values of care?

Answer 6

They are a set of guidelines and ways of working for care settings and their staff. Applying the values of care ensures that individuals using health, social care or childcare environments, receive appropriate care, do not experience discriminatory attitudes, and have their diversity valued and their rights supported.

Question 8

What do the values of care in health and social care services focus on?

Answer 8

• promoting equality and diversity
• promoting individual’s rights and beliefs.
• maintaining confidentiality.

Question 9

How can the values of care be applied?

Answer 9

• promoting equality and diversity:
  Equality: providing access to services for everyone, wheelchair ramps,hearing loop,information leaflets provided in a range of formats (large print,braille, easy read and different languages.
• Staff using non- discriminatory language, any incidents of discriminatory behaviour should be appropriately challenged.
• Care settings having and following an equal opportunites policy.
  Diversity: offering choice menus with a range of options catering all needs. (vegetarian, diabetic, gluten free etc.)
• care home residents being offered a variety of different activities and outings to take part in.

Question 10

How can promoting individuals rights and beliefs be applied in H&SC settings?

Answer 10

Rights:
- ensuring all areas and resources in care settings are accessible for all.
- female staff available to meet cultural requirements ie. a female doctor.
- consulting with an expectant mother about whether she would prefer a home birth or hospital birth.

Beliefs:
-cultural and religious dietary needs meet menus with options such as kosher and halal.
- providing a prayer room
- residential settings celebrating a range of different festivals such as Eid, christmas and hanukkah.

Question 11

How can maintaining confidentiality be applied in a H&SC settings?

Answer 11

Private information shared by care workers only on a “ need to know basis” eg information about a patients illness and treatment would be shared only with the practitioners directly involved in the patient’s care not told to all the staff. Information such as patient records kept securely in a locked filing cabinet or password protected electronic records so that access is limited to authorised staff.

Question 12

What do the values of care in childcare services focus on?

Answer 12

• making the welfare of the child paramount
  -keeping children safe and maintaining a healthy environment
  -working in partnership with parents, guardians and families
• encouraging children’s learning and development
  -valuing diversity
  -ensuring equality of opportunity
• anti discriminatory practise
  -maintaining confidentiality
• working with other professionals.

Question 13

How can making the welfare of a child paramount be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 13

Having a safeguarding policy and protection procedures in place for example, having an child protection officer. This is a named individual who is the first point of contact for staff if there are any concerns about a child’s welfare.
Paramountcy principle, whereby the child’s needs come first and the setting should use a child-centred approach. Children should never be humiliated, smacked or abused.
All staff or volunteers must have DBS checks.

Question 14

How can keeping children safe and maintaining a healthy environment be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 14

Having security measures in place to control access - having a staffed reception, staff lanyards and visitor badges, CCTV at external entrances.
All electrical systems must be regularly checked and PAT tested to make sure it’s in good working order. Carrying out risk assessements. Regular maintenance checks on all equipment, furniture and toys to check for faults or damage that could injure individuals.
Food provided by the care setting should meet healthy eating guidelines.

Question 15

How can working in partnership with parents, guardians and families be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 15

Daily diaries for nursery children can be kept by staff to keep parents informed of what their child has done each day. Staff can have informal chats with parents when a child is dropped off or collected. Praise certificates can be sent home and information sessions held. Parents should be invited in to discuss any concerns. Effective communication will help parents be involved with what is happening with their child at school or nursery.

Question 16

How can encouraging children’s learning and development be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 16

Childcare settings such as primary schools, nurseries and playgroups should provide a range of activities appropriate for the children’s ages and abilities. To enable all to participate and learn, children’s progress should be monitored so that support or extension activities can be provided. Resources such as toys, games and equipment should be accessible for all children in the setting. Special equipment or support should be provided if needed, such as a learning support assistant for a child with physical or learning disability or staff who can use sign language.

Question 17

How can valuing diversity be applied in childcare settings?

Answer 17

Examples of applying the value of care in childcare settings include:
- Displays,toys,resources in nurseries, playgroups and primary schools should reflect different cultures and beliefs.
A wide range of festivals could be celebrated with children Diwali, Hanukkah, Christmas etc. Food options should come from a range of cultures and to meet dietary needs such as allergies or dietary intolerances.

Question 18

How can ensuring ‘equality of opportunity’ be applied as a value of care in childcare settings?

Answer 18

Tasks and activities should be differentiated to meet children’s individual needs, enabling each child to progress and achieve their potential. Ensure all areas of the setting and all activities are accessible for children by making adaptations, for example wheelchair ramps, adjustable-height tables, easy-read books, information in a range of languages appropriate for children attending the setting.

Question 19

How can the value of care anti- discriminatory practise be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 19

All children should be treated fairly; staff should not have favourites. Any discriminatory actions or comments by children, staff or parents/carers should be challenged. Ensure no one is excluded from activities, making them accessible for all. Staff should be good role models by demonstrating inclusive behaviour.

Question 20

How can maintaining confidentiality be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 20

Private information must be shared by child care workers only on a “ need to know basis”. For example, information about a child’s parent being seriously ill would be shared only with the teachers directly involved in working with the child, not told to all the staff. Information such as child’s progress records must be kept securely locked in a locked filing cabinet or password- protected electronic records so that access is limited to authorised staff.

Question 21

How can working with professionals be applied in a childcare setting?

Answer 21

In certain circumstances information has to be shared openly but sensitively with a group of practitioners, involved in the care of a child. For example, in a child protection case a teacher, a social worker, a GP and the police may be involved in discussions about the best interests of the child in this situation.

Question 22

Which individuals may need advocacy services? And what are some examples of advocacy services?

Answer 22

Individuals who might need an advocate include: young children, individuals with a learning disability or physical, people with a condition such as Alzheimer’s and individuals who have been assessed as lacking mental capacity or having mental health problems.

Organisations such as SEAP ( Support, empower,advocate, promote), Mencap and Empower me and the British institute of Learning disabilities can all provide professional advocacy support. A family member or friend can also act as an advocate.

Question 23

How can an advocate support an individual?

Answer 23

Examples of how an advocate can support an individual include:
- going with an individual to meetings, or attending for them
- helping an individual find and access information
- writing letters on the individual’s behalf
- speaking on behalf of the individual at a case conference to express their wishes.

Question 24

Which situations may require advocacy support?

Answer 24

• At a care planning meeting for an 18 year old individual with learning difficulties who wants to leave home and live in supported housing, a member of the community mental health team represents the individual in order to ensure their rights are maintained.
• A volunteer from a charity such as MIND or SEAP helps with an application for disability benefits to ensure the individuals’ rights and entitlements are supported.

Question 25

Which charities and organisations offer support groups and why do they offer them?

Answer 25

There are many charities and support organisations such as Mind, Age UK, Headway, Rethink mental illness and Macmillan Cancer Support- that set up support groups. These help empower individuals to take back control over their lives when they have or are caring for an individual with an illness, long- term condition or disability. These charities and organisations provide local and national support groups where people with common experiences or concerns can meet and provide each other with info, advice, encouragement and comfort, and share coping strategies. These groups give people the chance to talk to others who can understand what they are going through because they have experienced it themselves.

Question 26

What is informal support and how can individuals be supported informally?

Answer 26

Informal support is care given by those who are not paid to do so and who are not professionally trained care workers. Friends, family and neighbours often provide informal support for individuals, which could take the form of helping with daily living activites such as:
- personal care, showering, bathing, getting dressed
- collecting prescriptions
- preparing meals
- doing laundry
- keeping someone company, having a chat
- cleaning.