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DH 160 - Materials > LO 6 > Flashcards

LO 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of finishing and polishing?

A
  1. Improves esthetics, tissue health, and longevity of restoration
  2. Removes excess material and smooths surfaces with minimal trauma to tissues (smooth surfaces resist accumulation of biofilm and better reflect light)
  3. Removes marginal irregularities
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2
Q

Why polish amalgum?

A

Restoration will have
1. normal tooth contours
2. Refined margins
3. Smooth, corrosion resistant surfaces
4. Functional effectiveness and acceptable appearance

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3
Q

The process of finishing and polishing involves a series of abrasives on a surface to first _______, then ________, and finally ________

A

Contour; smooth; polish

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4
Q

________ uses abrasives, mostly _______ instruments in high-speed handpieces to produce the final contour of a restoration

A

Finishing; rotary

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5
Q

________ is the process of removing scratches from the surface of a restoration with a series of course to fine particles

A

Polishing

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6
Q

What 3 things is the rate of abrasion determined by?

A
  1. Size, irregularity, and hardness of particles
  2. Number of particles contacting the surface
  3. Pressure and speed at which they are applied
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7
Q

The size, irregularity, and hardness of the abrasive particles determine the ______ and therefor the _______

A
  1. Depth of the scratches
  2. Amount of material being removed
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8
Q

If the surface being abraded is harder than the abrasive, what happens?

A

Little to no effect

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9
Q

Particles irregular in shape are ______ abrasive

A

More

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10
Q

Pastes can be classified as ________

A

Coarse, medium, fine, etc.

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11
Q

Increasing the speed and pressure will ______ the rate of abrasion

A

Increase

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12
Q

Increased speed will make it _______ to control the handpiece and build up _______ in the tooth

A

Harder; heat

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13
Q

What materials are used for finishing and polishing?

A
  1. Diamond
  2. Carbide
  3. Sand
  4. Pumice
  5. Aluminium oxide
  6. Tin oxide
  7. Many others
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14
Q

Amalgum cannot be polished until it has set for _____

A

24h

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15
Q

When finishing amalgum, the dentist must evaluate _______ margins for excess material and remove if necessary

A

Cavosurface

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16
Q

The first abrasive used to finish amalgum is called a _______

A

Brownie

17
Q

The polishing tool for amalgum is called a _______

A

Greenie

18
Q

Heat is generated in the process of polishing amalgum, so ________ is used

A

Water from air/water syringe

19
Q

For composite resin, initial finishing is done with multi fluted __________

A

Carbide and diamond burs

20
Q

For composite resin, intermediate finishing is done with ________

A

Discs, points, cups, and strips

21
Q

For composite resin, polishing is done with _______

A

Aluminium oxide polishing paste

22
Q

Gold and porcelain restorations are initially polished _______ and given a final polish ________

A
  1. In the dental lab where they’re fabricated
  2. After cementation in the dental office
23
Q

After polishing, cleaning is performed to __________

A
  1. Remove biofilm, surface stains, and soft deposits
  2. Does not produce surface scratches or wear
  3. Mild abrasives and cleaning agents used
24
Q

What is prophy paste?

A
  1. A mixture of abrasive materials and lubricants (50-60% abrasives)
  2. 10-20x stronger than commercial toothpastes
  3. Supplied in course to super fine grits
  4. Used to remove deposits and stains
  5. Least abrasive pasted should be selected and used with light pressure and low speed
25
Q

What should you consider before coronal polishing (cosmetic stain removal)?

A
  1. All restorations must be identified beforehand
  2. Selective polish is recommended - only where stains are present
26
Q

Describe Mohs hardness

A

Measure of hardness on 10 point scale where 1 is very soft and 10 is very hard

27
Q

Coronal polish is applied with ______

A

Latch-type or snap-on prophy cups

28
Q

The industry term for toothpaste is ________

A

Dentifrice

29
Q

Describe over the counter toothpaste

A
  1. Mixture of abrasives (20-30%)
  2. Colouring, flavouring, and therapeutic agents
30
Q

Using too abrasive a toothpaste and incorrect brushing technique can cause __________

A

Abrasion

31
Q

Describe air polishing

A
  1. Combination of sodium bicarbonate mix, air, and water
  2. Removes stain and soft deposits from enamel effectively
  3. Less abrasive than prophy paste
  4. Safe for orthodontically banded/bracket teeth
32
Q

What is the recommended psi for air polishing?

A

40-60psi

33
Q

What is air abrasion (microabrasion)?

A
  1. Completed at higher psi than air polishing (40-160psi)
  2. Uses an aluminum oxide powder (high on hardness scale)
34
Q

What is air abrasion used for?

A
  1. To clean appliances before cementation
  2. Intraoral repair of ceramic and composite restorations
  3. Preparing tooth surface prior to bonding
35
Q

What are the infection control measure to keep in mind when finishing and polishing?

A
  1. Aerosols are created making disease transmission possible
  2. Materials like mercury vapour and silica pose a health risk
  3. Proper PPE is required
  4. Pre-procedural antimicrobial rinse can reduce microbial aerosols
  5. Use high-volume evacuation instead of saliva ejector
36
Q

What should you aim to educate patients about in regards to restorations or cleaning?

A
  1. Some restorations are susceptible to staining - composite and resin bonded ceramics
  2. Exposed cementum and dentin are extremely susceptible to staining and abrasion
  3. excessively abrasive home remedies DO NOT equal whiter teeth - dentin is yellow and the more it shows through thinning enamel, the yellower it looks

DH 160 - Materials (8 decks)

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