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DH 160 - Materials > LO 2 > Flashcards

LO 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are preventative/therapeutic dental materials used for?

A

To prevent disease

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2
Q

Name 3 uses of preventative dental materials

A
  1. Pit and fissure sealants to prevent caries
  2. Mouth guards to prevent injury
  3. Fluoride used for anti-bacterial effects
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3
Q

Restorative materials are used to _______

A

Repair or replace tooth structure

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4
Q

Restorative materials can either be ______ or ______

A

Direct or indirect

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5
Q

Direct restorative materials include _________

A

Amalgum, composite resin, glass ionomer, intermediate restorative material and tooth whitening products

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6
Q

Indirect restorative materials include __________

A

Gold alloys, ceramic

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7
Q

What is a bridge?

A

Cap made for 2 teeth adjacent to a missing one, cap in the middle covers missing tooth

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8
Q

What does it mean for a material to be biocompatible?

A

Must not impede or adversely affect living tissue and interact to the benefit of the patient

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9
Q

What is an adverse response to a dental material?

A

A negative outcome that can come from the material itself or a breakdown of the material in the oral environment (includes allergic reactions

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10
Q

What is ceramic PFM?

A

Porcelain fused to metal - used when more strength is needed

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11
Q

What is ceramic PJC

A

Porcelain jacket crown - more fragile, more likely to crack during clenching

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12
Q

What are auxiliary materials?

A

Materials used to fabricate and maintain restorations (directly or indirectly)

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13
Q

Give 4 examples of auxiliary materials

A
  1. Impression materials
  2. Gypsum
  3. Waxes
  4. Finishing and polishing materials
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14
Q

Materials used in the oral cavity must be these three things

A
  1. Non-reactive in acidic or alkaline conditions
  2. Compatible with other materials
  3. Esthetically acceptable
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15
Q

All materials include potentially irritating ingredients. Responses may include ________

A
  1. Post operative sensitivity
  2. Hypersensitivity
  3. Toxicity

(Need to remember hard vs. soft tissue and quantity of material being used)

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16
Q

What considerations need to be taken into account when choosing a dental material?

A

Function and performance of the material, which depends on:
1. Location of the material (anterior or posterior)
2. Type of material (porcelain, resin, etc)

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17
Q

What are the forces causing stress and strain?

A

Compressive, tensile, shearing, torsion or torque, flexure, stress-strain curve, fracture toughness strength, resilience, fatigue failure

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18
Q

Define stress

A

The internal force, which resists the applied force - can cause distortion

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19
Q

Define strain

A

Distortion or deformation that occurs when an object cannot resist a force

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20
Q

Define compressive force

A

Pushing materials together (posterior teeth, clenching)

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21
Q

Define tensile force

A

Force applied in opposite directions to stretch an object (chewing, pulling food apart in different directions)

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22
Q

Define shearing force

A

Two materials sliding against each other (max-mand teeth biting food, grinding**)

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23
Q

Define torsion and torque force

A

A twisting force that combines tensile and compressive forces (chewing)

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24
Q

Define flexure stress

A

Bending caused by combo of compressive, tensile, and shear forces

25
Q

How is stress measured?

A

Pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPs)

26
Q

Where is stress the heaviest

A

Posterior teeth

27
Q

What are the normal and max forces on posterior teeth?

A

Normal: 90-200 psi
Max: 28,000 psi on single cusp

28
Q

Define fracture toughness

A

A measure of the energy needed to fracture a material

29
Q

Define resilience

A

A measure of the energy needed to permanently deform a material

30
Q

Define fatigue failure

A

A fracture resulting from repeated stresses that produce microscopic flaws that grow

31
Q

What is the normal pH of saliva?

A

6.2-7.0 (varies with food and drink)

32
Q

Material breakdown is typically due to these 3 factors

A
  1. Moisture
  2. Acid
  3. Stress
33
Q

Materials used in the oral cavity should have ______ solubility

A

Low

34
Q

What is water sorption?

A

A material’s ability to absorb moisture (could stain or expand)

35
Q

Define corrosion

A

Deterioration of a metal caused by chemical attack or electrochemical reaction of dissimilar metals in the presence of a solution containing electrolytes (saliva). Begins with surface tarnish

36
Q

What can slow down tarnish and corrosion?

A

Polishing the materials surface

37
Q

What dental materials do not corrode?

A

Gold and platinum

38
Q

What dental material is very likely to corrode?

A

Amalgum

39
Q

Define galvanism

A

An electrical current transmitter between two dissimilar materials in a solution of electrolytes (causes galvanic shock to the pulp)

40
Q

Materials used in the oral cavity should be able to _______ and ______ in reaction to changing temperature

A

Expand and contract

41
Q

Define percolation

A

Movement of fluid (bateria, debris, saliva) in microscopic gap of restoration margin - caused by temp changes

42
Q

Ideally, materials used in the oral cavity should be _______ thermal conductors

A

Poor - doesn’t allow temp changes to create sensitivity for enamel and dentin

43
Q

Name high thermal conductors used for dental applications

A

Gold, amalgum, ceramics, composites (can cause pulpal damage if not protected)

44
Q

Define retention

A

A material’s ability to maintain its position without displacement under stress

45
Q

What are the two types of retention?

A
  1. Mechanical - shape of the preparation
  2. Chemical adhesion or bonding - adhesion and acid etch techniques
46
Q

Mechanical retention uses triangular ______ to lock restoration in place

A

Undercuts

47
Q

Describe chemical adhesion or bonding

A

Tooth surface prepared with acid etch, bonding material flows into microscopic pores, restorative material then adheres to this layer

48
Q

What 4 factors affect bond strength?

A
  1. Wetting
  2. Viscosity
  3. Film thickness
  4. Surface characteristics
49
Q

Define wetting

A

Ability of liquid to flow, low viscosity= high wetting

50
Q

Define viscosity

A

Ability of liquid not to flow, not ideal for wetting a surface

51
Q

_______ film is best

A

Thin

52
Q

What do hue, chroma, and value have to do with Esthetics?

A

They are the colour, strength of colour, and how light or dark it is. Ability for restoration to match existing teeth

53
Q

What is microleakage?

A

Leakage of fluid and bacteria caused by microscopic gaps that occur at margins of restoration

54
Q

What can microleakage lead to?

A
  1. Recurrent caries
  2. Marginal staining
  3. Post-operative sensitivity
55
Q

Define oral biofilm

A

A complex community of microorganisms living on surfaces of the mouth

56
Q

Name 3 ways to identify a restoration

A
  1. Visual
  2. Tactile
  3. Radiograph
57
Q

What instrument is used to detect caries?

A

Shepard’s hook explorer

58
Q

What instrument is used to detect calculus?

A

11/12 explorer

59
Q

Why is it important to understand oral environment and patient considerations?

A
  1. Answer client questions
  2. Understand what might be happening when patients report sensitivity
  3. Can identify restorations more skillfully

DH 160 - Materials (8 decks)

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