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DH 160 - Materials > LO 2 > Flashcards

LO 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are preventative/therapeutic dental materials used for?

A

To prevent disease

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2
Q

Name 3 uses of preventative dental materials

A
  1. Pit and fissure sealants to prevent caries
  2. Mouth guards to prevent injury
  3. Fluoride used for anti-bacterial effects
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3
Q

Restorative materials are used to _______

A

Repair or replace tooth structure

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4
Q

Restorative materials can either be ______ or ______

A

Direct or indirect

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5
Q

Direct restorative materials include _________

A

Amalgum, composite resin, glass ionomer, intermediate restorative material and tooth whitening products

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6
Q

Indirect restorative materials include __________

A

Gold alloys, ceramic

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7
Q

What is a bridge?

A

Cap made for 2 teeth adjacent to a missing one, cap in the middle covers missing tooth

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8
Q

What does it mean for a material to be biocompatible?

A

Must not impede or adversely affect living tissue and interact to the benefit of the patient

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9
Q

What is an adverse response to a dental material?

A

A negative outcome that can come from the material itself or a breakdown of the material in the oral environment (includes allergic reactions

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10
Q

What is ceramic PFM?

A

Porcelain fused to metal - used when more strength is needed

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11
Q

What is ceramic PJC

A

Porcelain jacket crown - more fragile, more likely to crack during clenching

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12
Q

What are auxiliary materials?

A

Materials used to fabricate and maintain restorations (directly or indirectly)

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13
Q

Give 4 examples of auxiliary materials

A
  1. Impression materials
  2. Gypsum
  3. Waxes
  4. Finishing and polishing materials
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14
Q

Materials used in the oral cavity must be these three things

A
  1. Non-reactive in acidic or alkaline conditions
  2. Compatible with other materials
  3. Esthetically acceptable
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15
Q

All materials include potentially irritating ingredients. Responses may include ________

A
  1. Post operative sensitivity
  2. Hypersensitivity
  3. Toxicity

(Need to remember hard vs. soft tissue and quantity of material being used)

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16
Q

What considerations need to be taken into account when choosing a dental material?

A

Function and performance of the material, which depends on:
1. Location of the material (anterior or posterior)
2. Type of material (porcelain, resin, etc)

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17
Q

What are the forces causing stress and strain?

A

Compressive, tensile, shearing, torsion or torque, flexure, stress-strain curve, fracture toughness strength, resilience, fatigue failure

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18
Q

Define stress

A

The internal force, which resists the applied force - can cause distortion

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19
Q

Define strain

A

Distortion or deformation that occurs when an object cannot resist a force

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20
Q

Define compressive force

A

Pushing materials together (posterior teeth, clenching)

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21
Q

Define tensile force

A

Force applied in opposite directions to stretch an object (chewing, pulling food apart in different directions)

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22
Q

Define shearing force

A

Two materials sliding against each other (max-mand teeth biting food, grinding**)

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23
Q

Define torsion and torque force

A

A twisting force that combines tensile and compressive forces (chewing)

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24
Q

Define flexure stress

A

Bending caused by combo of compressive, tensile, and shear forces

25
How is stress measured?
Pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPs)
26
Where is stress the heaviest
Posterior teeth
27
What are the normal and max forces on posterior teeth?
Normal: 90-200 psi Max: 28,000 psi on single cusp
28
Define fracture toughness
A measure of the energy needed to fracture a material
29
Define resilience
A measure of the energy needed to permanently deform a material
30
Define fatigue failure
A fracture resulting from repeated stresses that produce microscopic flaws that grow
31
What is the normal pH of saliva?
6.2-7.0 (varies with food and drink)
32
Material breakdown is typically due to these 3 factors
1. Moisture 2. Acid 3. Stress
33
Materials used in the oral cavity should have ______ solubility
Low
34
What is water sorption?
A material's ability to absorb moisture (could stain or expand)
35
Define corrosion
Deterioration of a metal caused by chemical attack or electrochemical reaction of dissimilar metals in the presence of a solution containing electrolytes (saliva). Begins with surface tarnish
36
What can slow down tarnish and corrosion?
Polishing the materials surface
37
What dental materials do not corrode?
Gold and platinum
38
What dental material is very likely to corrode?
Amalgum
39
Define galvanism
An electrical current transmitter between two dissimilar materials in a solution of electrolytes (causes galvanic shock to the pulp)
40
Materials used in the oral cavity should be able to _______ and ______ in reaction to changing temperature
Expand and contract
41
Define percolation
Movement of fluid (bateria, debris, saliva) in microscopic gap of restoration margin - caused by temp changes
42
Ideally, materials used in the oral cavity should be _______ thermal conductors
Poor - doesn't allow temp changes to create sensitivity for enamel and dentin
43
Name high thermal conductors used for dental applications
Gold, amalgum, ceramics, composites (can cause pulpal damage if not protected)
44
Define retention
A material's ability to maintain its position without displacement under stress
45
What are the two types of retention?
1. Mechanical - shape of the preparation 2. Chemical adhesion or bonding - adhesion and acid etch techniques
46
Mechanical retention uses triangular ______ to lock restoration in place
Undercuts
47
Describe chemical adhesion or bonding
Tooth surface prepared with acid etch, bonding material flows into microscopic pores, restorative material then adheres to this layer
48
What 4 factors affect bond strength?
1. Wetting 2. Viscosity 3. Film thickness 4. Surface characteristics
49
Define wetting
Ability of liquid to flow, low viscosity= high wetting
50
Define viscosity
Ability of liquid not to flow, not ideal for wetting a surface
51
_______ film is best
Thin
52
What do hue, chroma, and value have to do with Esthetics?
They are the colour, strength of colour, and how light or dark it is. Ability for restoration to match existing teeth
53
What is microleakage?
Leakage of fluid and bacteria caused by microscopic gaps that occur at margins of restoration
54
What can microleakage lead to?
1. Recurrent caries 2. Marginal staining 3. Post-operative sensitivity
55
Define oral biofilm
A complex community of microorganisms living on surfaces of the mouth
56
Name 3 ways to identify a restoration
1. Visual 2. Tactile 3. Radiograph
57
What instrument is used to detect caries?
Shepard's hook explorer
58
What instrument is used to detect calculus?
11/12 explorer
59
Why is it important to understand oral environment and patient considerations?
1. Answer client questions 2. Understand what might be happening when patients report sensitivity 3. Can identify restorations more skillfully

DH 160 - Materials (8 decks)

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