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DH 160 - Materials > LO 5 > Flashcards

LO 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe composite resin

A
  1. Tooth coloured material
  2. Used to restore anterior and posterior teeth
  3. Organic resin matrix and inorganic filler particles joined by a coupling agent
  4. Also contained initiators, accelerators, and pigments
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2
Q

______ is an organic, thick liquid

A

Resin matrix

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3
Q

What is the purpose of filler particles in resin composite?

A
  1. Makes the composite stronger and resistent to wear, reduces shrinkage of resin, can control translucency
  2. Inorganic components - glass, quartz, and hybrids
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4
Q

_______ is used to create a bond between the fillers and the resin matrix

A

Coupling agent

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5
Q

_______ allows filling to come in a variety of shades, using shade guide

A

Pigments

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6
Q

What are the 3 ways composite resin can polymerize?

A
  1. Chemical - self cures, 2 paste system (catalyst and base)
  2. Light - intense visible blue light, ability to cure limited by depth (thin layers)
  3. Dual - 2 paste system, starts self curing, blue light to complete polymerization
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7
Q

Describe the qualities of flowable composites

A
  1. Low viscosity
  2. Light cured
  3. Delivered directly into the cavity preparation
  4. Conservative resotrations (class V restorations)
  5. Used as liners (base layers) under large restorations b/c they adapt to the preparation better than more viscous materials
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8
Q

What is the difference between macro, micro and hybrid fillers

A
  1. Marco - don’t polish well, tend to chip out, but are relatively strong
  2. Micro - polishes better, doesn’t chip out, but is weak
  3. Hybrid - contains macro and micro fillers, both relatively strong and polishable
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9
Q

Describe pit and fissure sealants

A
  1. Low viscosity resin
  2. Contain little to no fillers
  3. Aid in prevention of caries
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10
Q

What is a shade guide?

A
  1. Manufacturer includes a shade guide with their system
  2. Semi critical item - disinfected after use
  3. Natural light should be used when picking shades
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11
Q

When should the pigment shade be picked?

A
  1. Prior to the start of the procedure
  2. Teeth should be fully hydrated
  3. Prior to placement of dental dam
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12
Q

What is the procedure of composite resin placement?

A
  1. Shade selection of anterior restoration
  2. Isolation
  3. Preparation
  4. Place a matrix (tool to dam tooth is an interproximal wall is missing)
  5. Etch
  6. Primer and bonding agent
  7. Composite resin in increments and cure
  8. Remove matrix
  9. Finish and polish
  10. Check occlusion (make sure natural, comfortable bite)
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13
Q

Describe glass ionomers

A
  1. Chemically bonded directly to enamel and dentin
  2. No bonding agents required
  3. Fluoride releasing
  4. Expansion and contraction similar to that of tooth structure
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14
Q

Describe the uses for glass ionomer cements

A
  1. Luting cements - used to be a popular cement for placing crowns, but overtaken by stronger and less soluble hybrids
  2. Restorative materials (class 3 or 5) - used at root level because bond is stronger than composite bond to dentin
  3. Sometimes used in combination other restorative dental materials
  4. Liners and bases
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15
Q

Describe compomers

A
  1. Composite resins modified with polyacid
  2. Good strength, resistance, esthetics, and polishability
  3. Fluoride-releasing
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16
Q

Describe giomers

A
  1. Combination of traditional composite resins and glass ionomers
  2. Released flourode - can be recharged using fluoride from toothpaste or mouth wash (fluoride reservoir)
  3. Used for class 5 restorations and on primary teeth
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17
Q

Describe bioactive dental materials

A
  1. Interact with living tissues
  2. Bone grafting material - bioglass
  3. Liners and pulp capping; luting cement; endodontic sealer
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18
Q

Silver, tin, copper, and zinc in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, plus mercury create _________

A

Amalgum

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19
Q

How is amalgum prepared?

A
  1. Prepared in a capsule
  2. Trituration brings components together in an amalgamator/triturator
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20
Q

_________ is when an alloy powder is mixed together with mercury

A

Trituration

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21
Q

Describe under-triturated, over-triturated, and properly-triturated

A
  1. Under triturated - dry and crumbly and sets too quickly
  2. Over-triturated - appears wet and sets quickly producing heat
  3. Properly triturated - has satin-like appearance
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22
Q

How is amalgum placed?

A
  1. Placed in an amalgum well
  2. Picked up with amalgum carrier
  3. Placed into preparations in several increments
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23
Q

Define condensation

A

The act of pressing amalgum mix into a cavity preparation with instruments to produce a dense mass with the objective of reducing porosity and adapt the amalgum to the walls of the cavity preparation

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24
Q

How is condensation performed?

A
  1. Amalgum condesors are used to carefully work the amalgum into all corners and retentive areas of the preparation using vertical and lateral pressure
  2. Overfilling to allow carving
  3. Allows excess mercury to come to the surface to be removed
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25
Q

What is the point of burnishing amalgum?

A
  1. Creates a smoother surface and further condense amalgum
  2. Typically done prior to carving
  3. Not everyone burnishes because they believe it will either bring mercury to the surface unnecessarily or damage the amalgum at the margins
26
Q

What is the purpose of carving?

A
  1. Restores the contours of the teeth
  2. Occlusal - discoid/cleoid carvers
  3. Interproximal - Hollenbeck carver
27
Q

How is amalgum bonded to the tooth?

A
  1. Same process as composite resin - etch, primer and adhesive, amalgum
  2. Referred to as the wet technique
  3. Adhesive it NOT cured prior to placement of amalgum
28
Q

Describe tarnish of amalgum

A
  1. May occur over time
  2. Oxidation at the surface of the amalgum
  3. Contact with oxygen, chlorides, and sulfides
  4. Dark and dull appearance
29
Q

Describe corrosion

A
  1. Chemical reaction between the amalgum and substances in saliva and food
  2. It can change the strength of the restoration
30
Q

What is the issue with amalgum and thermal conductivity?

A
  1. Good conductor of heat and cold
  2. Hot or cold foods can produce a painful shock
  3. May require a base or liner
31
Q

What are reasons for dental implants?

A
  1. Replace a missing tooth
  2. Denture support
  3. Improve function esthetics and speech
32
Q

What are the 4 types of dental implants?

A
  1. Endosseous
  2. Subperiosteal
  3. Transosteal
  4. Mini implants
33
Q

Describe endosseous implants

A
  1. Surgically placed into the bone
  2. Replace missing teeth or support a denture
  3. Must have adequate bone depth
  4. Can be made of titanium/titanium alloys and zirconia - bone grows and adapts to the implant (Osseointegration)
  5. Can be made of ceramic - integrated chemically with bone (biointegration)
34
Q

______ occurs when bone grows and adapts to a titanium implant

A

Osseointegration

35
Q

________ occurs when a ceramic implant integrates chemically with bone

A

Biointegration

36
Q

What are the components of an endosseous implant?

A
  1. Implant screw
  2. Implant abutment (point of crown attachment)
  3. Implant crown
37
Q

What are the two stages of endosseous implant surgery?

A
  1. Stage 1 - surgical placement of implant followed by 3-6 months of healing
  2. Healing abutment placed with impression taken several weeks later
  3. Can be done in one stage - both stages done at same time
38
Q

What is the immediate placement surgical procedure?

A
  1. When an implant procedure involves the extraction of a tooth the implant fixture is placed at the same time, directly into the socket
  2. May cause movement of implant prior to healing
  3. Requires great care to allow Osseointegration
39
Q

Describe the restorative phase of an implant procedure

A
  1. Happens once healing has occured
  2. Impression is taken and sent to the dental lab
  3. A crown is fabricated - screw retained in crown and crown is placed with luting cementation
40
Q

What does maintenance of an implant look like?

A

It is critically important to the success of the implant for the patient to employ meticulous oral hygiene techniques and work with dental team to implement an effective tissue management program

41
Q

What role does the dental hygienist play in maintenance of implants?

A

Helping patient maintain the health of the implants and reinforcing home care techniques

42
Q

What home care tools can help with maintenance of a dental implant (customized to needs of patients)?

A
  1. Disclosing agents
  2. Brushes
  3. Flosses
  4. Wooden plaque removers
  5. Antibacterial agents
43
Q

What do hygienists need to keep in mind for clients with dental implants?

A
  1. No metal instruments
  2. Use plastic or graphite scalers and probes
  3. Ultrasonic implant tips with plastic or rubber coating
  4. Air polishing using glycine powder or tin oxide prophylaxis paste can be used
44
Q

Why do dental implants fail?

A
  1. Lack of osseointegration after placement
  2. Residual infection in the alveolar bone around the implant
  3. Overloading the implant during mastication leads to loss of bone support for the implant (especially in healing phase)
45
Q

Describe subperiosteal implants

A
  1. Placed under the periosteum on top of the bone
  2. Used when there is little bone depth to support an osseointegrated implant
46
Q

Describe transosteal implants

A
  1. Used when there is severe bone resorption, and a denture needs support
  2. It consists of a horizontal support beam attached to metal rods that are inserted into holes drilled all the way through the mandible from its superior to inferior border
47
Q

Describe mini implants

A
  1. Smaller in diameter
  2. Placed in sites where there is inadequate bone levels
  3. No flap required
  4. Placed in one visit
  5. Immediate loading
  6. Used to stabilize a denture
  7. Temporary anchoring device in orthodontic treatment
48
Q

Describe proper home care for dentures

A
  1. Clean dentures daily with denture brush and mild soap or non abrasive paste (place towel or water in sink to avoid breakage if dropped)
  2. Can use denture soaks - tablets
  3. Important to clean tissue surfaces and teeth with a soft brush
  4. Remove dentures at night or for at least 4 hours per day
49
Q

Describe proper in-office care for dentures

A
  1. Calculus can be removed by soaking in a cleansing solution placed in zippered bag into an ultrasonic cleaner
  2. Removing calculus from denture carefully scaling off with hand instruments and polishing with flour of pumice, then tin oxide or acrylic polishing compounds
50
Q

What precautions should you take with dentures?

A
  1. Store in water
  2. Avoid hot water
  3. Do not use undiluted chlorine bleach
  4. Clean over sink with towel or water in it
  5. Avoid abrasive cleansers
51
Q

Dentures can either be _______, ________or ______

A

Partial, complete, or implant-supportrd

52
Q

What are provisional restorations?

A
  1. Temporary restorations - 2 weeks to a month
  2. Maintain tooth function and position
  3. Protect hard and soft structures, including pulp
  4. Establish esthetics and retention
  5. Provide comfort
53
Q

How do provisional restorations maintain tooth position and function?

A
  1. Tooth structure is removed during preparation of a tooth for a crown
  2. The provisionalncrown must maintain the space created for the permanent crown (mesial and distal and opposing - prevents shifting)!
  3. Provisional must share load from forces during normal function and bruxism (teeth grinding)
54
Q

How do provisional restorations provide protection?

A
  1. Dentinal tubules are cut and exposed - leaves pulp vulnerable, coverage protects it
  2. Margins susceptible to fracture - if damaged, the permanent restoration will not seal - caries may develop over time - provisional can protect this
  3. Preparation extends subgingivally 0.5 - 1mm - proper fitting provisional will not cause irritation, inflammation, or recession
55
Q

Why must esthetics and retention be taken into account with provisional restorations?

A
  1. Client must be able to chew, speak, and clean
  2. Must reproduce natural tooth contours and colours
  3. Temporary luting agent (cement) is used
  4. Diet modifications are necessary - avoid sticky or hard foods
56
Q

What does the type of provisional material depend on?

A

Materials used will depend on the type of preparation and the area of the mouth

57
Q

What are preformed/prefabricated crowns made of?

A
  1. Stainless steel - strongest, can last months or years, usually used on primary teeth
  2. Aluminium - softer metal used for posteriors, lined with composite or acrylic, cemented with temp luting agent
  3. Polycarbonate and celluloid forms - come in several shapes and sizes, rigid material, for anterior/premoly, filled with acrylic resin or composite matched to tooth shade, cemented with temp luting agent
58
Q

Describe custom provisional crowns

A
  1. Can be used for single crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays
  2. Fabricated from acrylic or composite resin
  3. Impression required prior to the preparation of the tooth
  4. Preferred over pre-formed
59
Q

What is the procedure of placing a custom provisional crown?

A
  1. Template taken prior to reducing the tooth
  2. Dentist reduces and prepares the tooth and takes the final impression
  3. Squeeze material into appropriate tooth into he template
  4. Reinsert the template into the patient’s mouth until mixture has set
  5. Remove template and new custom crown
  6. Trim and cement with temporary cement (ZONE, Temp Bond)
  7. Floss interproximally and check articulation
60
Q

A laboratory technician may use a ________ unit to fabricate provisional restorations in more complicated cases

A

CAD/CAM

61
Q

What are the home care instructions for any provisional restoration?

A
  1. Bite and chew carefully and avoid sticky food
  2. When flossing, do not pop at top - floss down, then pull the floss through tooth gap
  3. If temp crown is loose or lost, contact office immediately to get replacement
62
Q

Describe intracoronal cement provisional restoration

A
  1. Less extensive provisional coverage required - emergency care, endodontic procedures, protection for inlays
  2. ZOE has palliative benefits - helpful for sensitive or traumatized teeth
  3. Mixed to putty-like consistncy
  4. Placed directly into preparation
  5. Condensed, allowed to set then carved
  6. Highly soluble
  7. Cannot be placed if permanent restoration is going to be cemented with resin cement **

DH 160 - Materials (8 decks)

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