LMBR1: 1-Intro to LM Flashcards
The field of Lifestyle Medicine refers to all the following except:
A) Assisting the patient in enhancing his diet with whole foods, incorporating physical activity and emotional well-being practices and avoiding risky substances. Medications are used as an adjunct.
B) Evidence-based treatment and prevention of chronic diseases related to lifestyle and behaviors.
C) Reversal of certain lifestyle-related diseases.
D) Holistic approaches to balance core functional processes, control oxidative stresses at a cellular level and promote detoxification.
E) Collaborative techniques that apply medical, behavioral, motivational and environmental principles to encourage patients to adopt and sustain healthy behavior changes.
Answer D.
Functional medicine is defined as a holistic approach that’s used to balance core functional processes in the body, such as cellular metabolism, control of oxidative stress, detoxification and digestive function (Answer D).
Evidence-based interventions that use a whole foods, plant-based diet, physical activity, emotional well-being and risky substance avoidance are foundational interventions used to prevent, treat and reverse disease.
Medications and supplements are adjuncts to these lifestyle changes (Answers A, C and D).
Lifestyle Medicine requires persistent treatment with medical, behavioral, motivational and environmental principles to help individuals adopt and sustain healthy behavior changes (Answer E).
This statement best describes the core competencies for prescribing Lifestyle Medicine, as identified by the 2010 national consensus panel.
A) The use of an interdisciplinary team like a coach, dietitian and physician is imperative to creating the office and community support needed for sustained behavior change.
B) The core competencies were created to help medical specialties prescribe interventions that promote healthy lifestyle practices.
C) Leadership is one of the key areas of the competencies and includes leading teams to better diagnose chronic conditions and implement a standard of care treatment.
D) Quality improvement projects, such as measuring interventions, tracking outcomes and implementing process improvements are standard practice for Lifestyle Medicine physicians.
E) Both A and D are correct
F) All are correct.
Answer E.
The core competencies for prescribing Lifestyle Medicine were created to guide primary care providers. However, those competencies can be applied to any specialty (Answer B). Certainly, physicians should implement processes to diagnose and treat chronic conditions with excellence, but leadership in Lifestyle Medicine involves much more, including an emphasis on disease prevention, community advocacy and the creation of personal and professional environments of health (Answer C). An interdisciplinary team and tracking performance measures are both part of the competencies for Lifestyle Medicine physicians (Answers A and D).
This ability is not required by providers for the practice of lifestyle medicine:
A) Use national guidelines in lifestyle prescriptions.
B) Make referrals to community resources and other health professionals when appropriate.
C) Recognize the interactions between the mind, body and behavior, and prescribe appropriate biofeedback techniques.
D) Expand vital signs to include tobacco use, sleep, stress and emotional well-being.
E) Use electronic medical record to identify high-risk patients
Answer C.
All are skills required by Lifestyle Medicine providers except for the ability to prescribe biofeedback for recognized interactions between the mind, body and consequential behaviors. This is a skill needed in the field of mind-body medicine (Answer C). A Lifestyle Medicine physician should be able to assess the social, psychological and biological predispositions that drive a patient’s behavior and the resulting health outcomes.
Lifestyle Medicine and conventional medicine differ in their approach to patient care. Which statement is not an accurate comparison between lifestyle medicine and conventional medicine?
A) In conventional medicine, the patient is an active partner in care. Whereas, in Lifestyle Medicine, the patient is a passive recipient.
B) Conventional medicine is often acute, whereas Lifestyle Medicine treatments are always long term.
C) Risk factors are treated in conventional medicine, but the causes of disease are treated with Lifestyle Medicine.
D) Patients are not required to make big changes in health behaviors in conventional medicine. However, in Lifestyle Medicine patients are asked to move toward substantial changes.
E) In conventional medicine, responsibility for health falls mostly with the provider, whereas in Lifestyle Medicine the responsibility falls mainly with the patient.
Answer: A.
In the conventional medicine approach, the responsibility for health care falls mainly on the provider, and the patient is a passive recipient (Answer A); the change required by patients revolves mainly around being compliant with medications and medical interventions, which are generally viewed as the highest level of care. However, in Lifestyle Medicine, the responsibility for health remains with the patients. They must be active participants in their health care in order to make the substantial changes necessary to treat the unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that are the cause of most chronic diseases.
Regarding adverse drug reactions, which one of the following is incorrect?
A) They often occur despite appropriate use.
B) They are the fourth leading cause of death in the US, ranking higher than pulmonary disease, diabetes, AIDS, pneumonia, accidents and motor vehicle accidents.
C) There are more than two million serious reactions per year.
D) The total cost of adverse drug reactions is less than that of cardiovascular disease or diabetes
Answer: D.
The total cost is greater than cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
(Data from: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 2000. [Lazarou J, et al. JAMA 1998:279(15): 1200-1205; Gurwitz JH, et al. Am J Med 2000: 109(2):87-94.])
