Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Health Behaviour Flashcards
Which of the following is not an evidence based strategy to counsel patients who are overweight or obese?
a. CBT
b. Use smaller plates to eat
c. Behaviour contracts
d. Support from family & friends
e. Self-monitoring
Answer C
Regarding behavioural change theories Which of the following is true.
A. The adoption of a new idea or behaviour across a population is referred to as the precaution adoption model
B. There are four stages of change in the transtheoretical model
C. The health belief model is described by five key constructs
D. In social learning (cognitive theory) Reciprocal determinism refers to the dynamic and reciprocal influence of person, behaviour and the environment
E. The theory of planned behaviour uses five main constructs to represent ones control over behaviour
Answer D
In behaviour change process, which of the following is true.
A. ABCD of behaviour change refers to action, behaviour, consequences, dispute
B. Motivational interviewing is most useful in the preparation stage to the transtheoretical model
C. Fortune telling is a type of non-productive thinking
D. When the patient is at the contemplation stage the provider should assist with structuring a plan
E. Positive psychology has not been shown to be superior to a conventional approach
Answer C
The Health Belief Model takes into account all except:
a. Individual perception of disease
b. Habitual behaviours such as smoking
c. Modifying factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity
d. Social and emotional aspect of disease
e. D
f. B and D
g. C and D
Answer F
The Health Belief Model does not take into account habitual behaviors such as smoking and the social and emotional aspect of disease.
It does take into account:
Individual perceptions (perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness and severity of disease “X”)
Modifying factors (demographic variables (age, gender, race, ethnicity), Cues to Action (mass media campaigns, medical reminders, illness of a loved one, blog or article)
Likelihood of Action (Perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self efficacy)
If a patient is asked if they are considering making a change in X behaviour and answers “no”. What phase are they in?
a. Denial
b. Pre-contemplation
c. Relapse
d. Contemplation
e. None of these
Answer B
Pre-contemplation phrase. Denial is part of the grief-model. See pg 41. Not planning a change in the next 6 months
Which of these is NOT a general principle of motivational interviewing?
a. Express empathy and show understanding for the patient
b. Support self efficacy
c. Emphasize the patient’s success and achievements
d. Roll with resistance - avoid resistance by remaining non judgemental
e. Develop discrepancy between where the patient is and what the patient wants
Answer is C - emphasizing the patient’s successes and achievements is not a principle of motivational interviewing
Which of the following TWO statements are FALSE with regards to action plans?
a. Details the actions needed to treat or prevent a conditions based on scientific evidence and the patient’s condition
b. Should be based on patient’s readiness to change
c. Should include stage-matched interventions
d. Should be discussed between patient and provider and agreed with a handshake
e. Should be reviewed and updated at follow-up visits
A - option describes “lifestyle prescription” - needs to include “adjusted for patient’s ability, readiness and confidence”
D: action plan needs to be WRITTEN
In which of the following situations, CBT be more useful than motivational interviewing (two answers):
a. “I planning to do the couch to 5k when Johnny starts school in 2 years time”
b. I stopped smoking 5 months ago and my breathing has improved”
c. “My grandmother smoked 20/day since she was 14 and lived till she was 97, I don’t see why I should stop smoking”
d. “I know I need to lose weight - I just can’t find a diet that works for me”
e. “Since I started turning my mobile phone at 8pm a few years back, my sleep has been so much better”
B (action stage )
E (maintenance stage) - CBT is most useful in prep, action and maintenance phases. Other options are precontemplation or contemplation
What type of reflection is used in the following scenario?
Patient: “I can’t stop smoking because all of my friends smoke”
Provider: “So you really couldn’t quit smoking as you would not be able to fit in with your friends”
A - Simple
B - Amplified
C - Double sided
D - Shifted-focus
B - exaggerating the patient’s statement in order to generate disagreement with the statement
Regarding lifestyle and weight, which ONE option is correct?
a. Longer sleep duration is associated with weight gain
b. Participation in stress management programs tends to reduce the degree of weight loss
c. When people quit smoking they typically gain more than 10 pounds (4.5 kg) in weight
d. Men are more likely to gain weight with smoking cessation than women
e. It is best to start a weight management program after attempting to stop smoking.
Answer E
Which of the following is not one of the five A’s of health behaviour counselling?
a.Agree on the focus of counselling and treatments based on the patient’s interest and willingness to change
b.Amend recommendations based on the patient’s progress and feedback
Arrange regular follow-up and support
c.Assess practices in the context of health risks
d.Advise to change practices with clear specific and personalised advice for behaviour change.
B.
The last A is assist the patient in setting and achieving goals to change practices.
Which one option is NOT correct about positive psychology and positive emotions?
a. Positive psychology emphasises patient’s current skills
b. Positive psychology increases positivity
c. Positive emotions are more fleeting than negative emotions
d. Positive emotions do not necessary build emotional success
e. Positive emotions broaden thinking by increasing flexibility, creativity and open- mindness
D. Positive emotions build emotional success ( Benefits of positive psychology, page 44, Positive emotions Q&A, page 59)
Confidence is an important predictor of behavioural change. Which one of the following scores of the confidence and importance levels, correlated with transtheoretical stages of change is not correct?
a. Pre-contemplation ( Confidence 0-3/10), Importance 0-3/10)
b. Preparation ( Confidence 7-8/ 10, Importance 7-8/10)
c. Contemplative ( Confidence 4-6/10, Importance 4-6/10)
d. Action ( Confidence 8-9/10), Importance 8-9/10)
e. Maintenance ( Confidence 10/10), Importance 10/10)
B. Preparation ( Confidence 7/ 10, Importance 7/10) ( p 47) Confidence is an important predictor of behavioural change. To moderate to a high level confidence >7/10 is important for success!!
Which of the following is NOT listed as an effective, sustainable self management tool in relation to relapse prevention?
a. Social support
b. Support with digital apps, telehealth.
c. CBT
d. Mindfulness/meditation
e. Community and employee programs.
Answer D
To help foster self motivation the ‘coach’ must -
Understand that even baby steps build self esteem and motivation.
Be empathetic and accepting
Do not share personal examples - this is about the client not you
Take charge of the situation and make a clear plan for the patient.
Look for teachable moments
a. A,B,C
b. C,D,E
c. A,B,E
d. B,C,E
To help foster self motivation the ‘coach’ must -
Understand that even baby steps build self esteem and motivation.
Be empathetic and accepting
Do not share personal examples - this is about the client not you
Take charge of the situation and make a clear plan for the patient.
Look for teachable moments
A,B,E - it’s often a good thing to share personal experience, you should encourage the patient to take control and develop a plan
