Chapter 1 Introduction to Lifestyle Medicine Flashcards
According to the Interheart Study, nine risk factors account for 90% of the risk in men, and 94% of the risk in women. Of these, five risk factors account for 80% of the attributable risk for acute MI. These 5 are:
a. Smoking, diabetes, diet, obesity, physical inactivity.
b. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, lipids, obesity
c. Smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, psychosocial factors.
d. Smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption
e. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity.
Answer B
Which of the following practices does the patient solely play a passive role in their healthcare.
a. Lifestyle
b. conventional
c. functional
d. integrative
Answer B
Which of these are NOT one of the five health factors associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in the Nurses’ Health Study?
a,Being a non-smoker
b. Physically active 30 minutes a day
c. Moderate alcohol consumption
d. Healthy diet score based on intake of dietary cereal fibre, marine omega-3 fatty acids & calcium
e. BMI < 25 kg/m2
Answer D (Folate not calcium )
According to the world cancer research fund and American institute of cancer research data \_\_\_\_\_ of the most common cancers in the US could be prevented. ½ ¼ ⅓ ⅙
1/3rd
According to the Hambrecht Study:
a. The exercise training group had a higher resting heart rate compared to the PCI group.
b. The exercise training group had a higher physical work capacity compared to the PCI group.
c. The exercise training group had a lower maximal heart rate compared to the PCI group.
d. The exercise training group had a lower VO2Max compared to the PCI group.
e. There were no differences found between the exercise training group and the PCI group.
Answer B
According to the Ornish study about Intensive Lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease:
a. In the experimental group, there was more regression of CAD after 1 years vs. after 5 years from the beginning of the study.
b. In the experimental group there was a dose response association between adherence and regression of stenoses.
c. 62% of the experimental group showed regression.
d. The usual care group had the same number of cardiac events than the experimental group.
e. .The usual care group had no change in progression of stenosis after 5 years from the beginning of the study.
Answer B
Lifestyle medicine involves the following elements and intervention modalities except
a. Sleep
b. Spirituality
c. Physical activity
d. Stress management
e. Connectedness
f. Whole food, plant based
Answer B
According to the Jenkins study:
a. There was a significant difference between the LDL levels at the 1 month follow up between the group taking Lovastatin 20mg/day and the group with cholesterol lowering foods diet.
b. There was a significant difference between the C-reactive protein at the 1 month follow up between the group taking Lovastatin 20mg/day and the group with cholesterol lowering foods diet.
c. The cholesterol lowering food diet consisted of: plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibres, and almonds.
d. The group that achieved the lowest LDL levels at the 1 month follow up was the group with cholesterol lowering foods diet.
e. There was no change in LDL levels at the 1 month follow up in any of the groups.
Answer C
Which of the following are true of Intensive therapeutic lifestyle change (ITLC) treatment programs:
A. ITLC can produce an essential induction phase to help patients make dramatic lifestyle changes.
B. ITLC encourage gradual changes in a participant’s daily routine including habits around sleep, diet, physical activity and stress management.
C. The ITLC program is usually individually tailored for each patient to improve adherence and outcomes.
D. The methods of ITLC are evidence based and are shown to work with accepted research methods.
E. A and D
F. A, B, C, and D
Answer E
According to Mokdad et al and Danaei at al what percentage of all premature deaths in the US can be attributable to three factors - tobacco use, poor diet and lack of physical activity?
a. 50%
b. 60%
c. 70%
d. 80%
e. 90%
Answer D
All of the following are in the 5 leading causes of death in the US and are significantly lifestyle related EXCEPT:
a. Diabetes
b. Cancer
c. Heart disease
d. Chronic Lower respiratory diseases
e. Stroke
Answer A Diabetes is not in first five !
Regarding determinants of health, which of the following is incorrect:
a. People with low health literacy have higher rates of hospital admissions and physician visits
b. DNA sequence (genes) explain ~10% variance in health status
c. Lower socioeconomic status correlates with poorer health in approximately 80% of countries studied
d. Epigenetics (gene switches) explain ~70-90% of variance in health
e. The more adverse childhood events a person has experienced, the higher their risk for adverse health outcomes
f. A 2005 study of monozygotic twins showed the largest epigenetic variance between twins when their lives had been more different from each other
Answer C
All of the following are part of Nurses of Health study except
A A healthy diet score - Dietary intake of 3 key items Cereal Fibre ,marine omega 3 fatty acid and folate B Absence of smoking C BMI<25 D Physically active 45 minutes per day E Moderate Alcohol consumption
Answer D
Framingham Heart Study. true or false:
A. The cohort started in 1948 with the goal of identifying common risk factors contributing to cardiovascular disease
B. The Framingham Study is now on its second generation of subjects
C. The Omni cohort included men and women of African American, Hispanic, Asian, Indian, Pacific Islander and Native American origins.
D. In 2006 Lloyd Jones et al enrolled healthy 40 year old Framingham subjects to Analyse Lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden
E. Results showed that those with optimal risk status at 50 years had a median life expectancy of 5 years longer than those with two or more risk factors
A T
B F, third generation general subjects, second generation omni
C T
D F 50 year old baseline
E F 10 year median increase in life expectancy (11 years men, 8 years women)
