LMBR Study Grp: Nutrition #2 Flashcards
Dr Denis Burkitt was a British surgeon who is known for his academic publications covering which of the following:
A. Dr Burkitt’s conclusion that diseases of the twentieth century are predominantly lifestyle related, and proposed dietary changes to prevent and treat these conditions.
B. In his 1976 paper “The etiological significance of related diseases” Dr Burkitt described a lack of dietary fibre as a common contributory factor in the development of such conditions as ischaemic heart disease, appendicitis, colorectal cancer, diverticular disease, varicose veins and obesity.
C. Co-authored with Dr HC Trowell, their 1987 paper noted the historical removal of fibre from flour during the industrial revolution, due to the prevailing belief that fibre (also known as “roughage”) was a gastrointestinal irritant.
D. In addition to his promotion of dietary fibre, Dr Burkitt is also known for the first description of, and eventually, discovering the aetiology of the paediatric cancer that bears his name, Burkitt’s Lymphoma.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
A. (p132)
B. (p132; there’s an error in the manual: the paper was published in 1976, not 1972)
C. (p132)
D. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Parsons_Burkitt)
In a two-year follow up study of men undergoing surveillance for prostate cancer, which of the following is (are) TRUE:
A. In the intervention group, lifestyle changes consisted of a whole-food, plant-based diet, in addition to an exercise regime.
B. Within the intervention group, 2 of 43 participants (~5%) underwent prostate cancer treatment, compared to 13 of 49 participants (~25%) in the control group.
C. Patients with early and intermediate stage prostate cancer who choose active surveillance may be able to delay treatment by making lifestyle changes.
D. Cancer cell growth, as measured by a blood test, was suppressed by 70% in the intervention group versus only 9% in the control group.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
c) both B and D
A. (FALSE p140- see below*)
B. (TRUE p140)
C. Patients with early (NOT intermediate) stage prostate cancer who choose active surveillance may be able to delay treatment by making lifestyle changes. (See p140)
D. (TRUE p140)
- A. The intervention group consisted of:
1. whole food, plant-based diet
2. exercise
3. stress management
4. participation in group support sessions
With respect to breast cancer, a trial of overweight or obese, post-menopausal women demonstrated which of the following:
A. A two week intervention of low-fat, high-fibre, plant based diet, when combined with an exercise program, increased breast cancer cell apoptosis (cell death).
B. Following the intervention, serum levels of IGF-1 decreased.
C. Following the intervention, serum levels of IGF binding protein increased.
D. A two week intervention of low-fat, high-fibre, plant based diet, when combined with an exercise program, improved breast cancer survival.
Options:
a) A only
b) both A and C
c) both B and D
d) A, B and C
e) All of the above
d) A, B and C
A. (TRUE p140 - and also reduced breast cancer cell growth)
B. (TRUE p140)
C. (TRUE p140)
D. (FALSE p140 - the 12 subjects only had breast cancer RISK FACTORS, they did not actually have breast cancer)
Regarding Dairy products, which is least accurate?
a. Dairy comprises approximately 15% of daily caloric intake in the standard American diet, half of which comes from fluid milk, and half from cheese products.
b. There is mild-moderate evidence that dairy, particularly yoghurt may be associated with reduced risk of developing diabetes.
c. A mild association between dairy consumption and reduced risk of stroke has been noted.
d. Palmitic acid is a SFA commonly found in dairy products.
a.
Select the correct statement/s:
- Increased fruit intake leads to a decreased mortality in patients with COPD.
- Dietary risk factors for kidney decline include, animal protein, animal fat and dairy.
- Eating eggs could lead to neuro-inflammation and affect mood.
- Eating a semi-vegetarian diet produces a 50% remission rate in people with Crohn’s Disease
A. 1
B. 2
C. 1 and 3
D. 2 and 4
C.
p142
Which statement is true?
- Eating more calcium and folate lowers the risk of Breast cancer.
- Eating foods rich in lycopene lowers the risk of prostate cancer.
- Eating more fruit and vegetables lowers the risk of pancreatic cancer.
- Eating a diet high in fibre lowers the risk of gastric cancer
2.
Which is incorrect?
a. Egg consumption has been associated with increased risk of developing T2DM but not CVD.
b. The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend keeping daily cholesterol consumption under 300mg.
c. 1 egg contains between 140 – 235mg cholesterol.
d. Some individuals appear to experience significant rise in both LDL and HDL levels if consuming eggs
b.
Which of the following statements about AGEs (Advanced glycation end products) is INCORRECT?
- They are formed between a fatty acid and a monosaccharide.
- They are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
- They occur in protein rich foods more than fatty foods.
- They occur with grilling more than boiling.
1.
Which of the following statements about antioxidants are false?
- Cruciferous vegetables contain sulforaphane and include bok choy, cabbage, spinach and cauliflower.
- Polyphenols contain anthocyanins, ellagic acid and indole-3-carbinols and are found in berries.
- Orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, such as carrot and mango contain carotenoids which stimulate natural killer cells.
- Dark leafy green vegetables are high in potassium, calcium and magnesium and include silverbeet, beet greens, mustard greens and watercress.
Options: A. 1, 2 B. 1,2,3 C. 2,3, D. 3,4
A. 1 and 2.
From key studies, which of the following is true regarding the impact of plant-based diets on reversing T2DM:
- Consuming one egg per day doubled risk of cardiovascular disease in those with diabetes compared to those who ate <2 eggs.
- The Adventists Study showed that meat consumption nearly doubled the risk of having diabetes in men and women.
- Studies from the Nurses Health Studies and Health Professionals Follow up Studies found an approximately 30% lower risk of diabetes in those emphasising plant foods and low in animal foods.
- The EPIC study found every 5% of calories from animal protein resulted in a 30% increase in diabetes.
Options: A. all of the above. B. 2,4 C. 2,3 D. 2,3,4
B. 2 and 4.
All the statements regarding the National institute health study which compared the participants on ADA diet 2002 recommendations to vegetarian diet are true except:
a. HbA1c dropped three times as much on plant-based diet.
b. LDL dropped twice as much.
c. Decrease in medication requirements.
d. Decreased Leptin.
d.
p 154
Current American guidelines advise having a low amount of cholesterol in the diet. With regard to this, which of the following is true:
a. Each medium sized egg has about 80 mg cholesterol in it.
b. Eggs increase LDL and lower HDL hence are to be limited.
c. A large increase in serum lipids is observed in a majority of the population in response to egg consumption.
d. A daily amount of less than 300 mg cholesterol per day is advised.
e. Eggs help to increase good fat.
e.
p116
Which of these help lower hypertension? (1 or more answers)
A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Alcohol D. Caffeine E. Magnesium
B and E.
p.137-138
Advanced Glycation End-products are all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Produced by cooking with dry heat.
B. Associated with increased risk of kidney disease.
C. Produced by cooking at higher temperatures.
D. Occurs more in fatty foods than protein-rich foods.
E. Can accumulate in tissues and lead to oxidative stress and inflammation.
D.
p.134
Fibre has the following effects, EXCEPT:
A. Improves constipation.
B. Decreases the risk of colon cancer.
C. Promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids.
D. Lowers cholesterol.
E. Recommended levels in women are higher than men.
E.
p.132
