Lifestyle Medicine Obesity Flashcards
Related to obesity which options are incorrect.
A. The incidence of overweight and obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) in 2017-2018 was 42.4% among adults with no significant differences between ages or gender.
B. Extreme obesity (BMI ≥40) was higher men (11.5%) than in women (6.9%) in 2017-2018
C. All adults with a BMI ≥25 are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance and diabetes, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnoea, and increased risk of some cancers
D. At the same BMI, women typically have a higher percentage of body fat than men and Asians than Caucasians.
E. Class 3 obesity is BMI 35-39.9 kg/m?
Answer B and E
B Extreme obesity was higher in women 11.5% than men6.9%
E class 3 >40 above is class 2
Answer B and E
B Extreme obesity was higher in women 11.5% than men6.9%
E class 3 >40 above is class 2
In relation to Percent body fat measurements which option/options are true:
A. Bioelectric impedance(BIA) is more accurate than
Hydro-Densitometry (underwater weighing/hydrostatic weighing)
B. Air-displacement plethysmography (“Bod Pod”) is accurate, safe, and easier to complete.
C. DEXA Scans, CTs, and MRIs can also be used and are accurate, but relatively expensive and
not portable.
D bioelectric impedance is cheaper than bodpod.
E range of body percentage in obese male is 52%+
Answer BCD are true
A densitometry is accurate than bioelectric impedance
E % age body fat range in obese male is 26%+
Related to Waist circumference incorrect options are
A. Waist measurement can be taken at the umbilicus, the narrowest part of the waist, or just above the iliac crests. The World Health Organization recommends measuring at the midpoint between the lowest rib and iliac crest.
B waist circumference is easy to measure, inexpensive, and strongly correlated with percent body fat and development of chronic disease and premature death.
C. It may be more accurate in individuals with a BMI greater than 35 kg/m?
D the patient is underweight if waist circumference Male <40 in (<102 cm)
Female <35 in (<88 cm)
E In Edmonton obesity staging
Stages are from Stage 0 (no loss of function or noted morbidity) to Stage 4 (severe loss of function and/or severe obesity-related morbidities),
Answer
C it’s more accurate in individual with BMI <35
D it’s normal range not underweight obese is >40inches male or >35 inches female
Which of the following statements are incorrect:
A. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/The Obesity Society (ACA/AHA/TOS)
2013 Obesity Guidelines an Individuals with BMI >= 25 without CVD risk factors who should be referred to a comprehensive lifestyle intervention
B. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions
Most effective programs are in person, high-intensity (≥14 sessions in 6 months)
C. An energy deficit is created by reducing calories, which can lead to weight loss, To lose 1 pound over the course of the week by caloric restriction, a patient should eat approximately 3,500 calories less per week.
D. Women are recommended to reduce calories by 750 calories per day with a goal total calorie intake of 1,200- 1,500 calories per day
Ans A with CVD RISKS D 500 cal not 750
The total energy expenditure (TEE) over 24 hours is the sum of:
A Resting energy expenditure (REE), approximately 60% of TEE/Thermic energy expenditure (TEE), approximately 5-10% of TEE/ Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE), approximately 30-40% Of TEE
B Resting energy expenditure (REE), approximately 30-40% of TEE/Thermic energy expenditure (TEE), approximately 5-10% of TEE/ Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE), approximately 60% Of TEE
C Resting energy expenditure (REE), approximately 5-10% of TEE/Thermic energy expenditure (TEE), approximately 60% of TEE/ Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE), approximately 30-40% Of TEE
D Resting energy expenditure (REE), approximately 70% of TEE/Thermic energy expenditure (TEE), approximately 5-10% of TEE/ Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE), approximately 20-25% Of TEE
Answer A
Which of the following statement is incorrect
A. Weight loss goal for overweight or obese patients is 5-10% of initial body weight
B. Average weight loss in intensive lifestyle intervention is ~8 kg (17 Ibs) within 3 months.
C. In overweight or obese with CVD risks
Weight loss of 3-5% is clinically meaningful by
improving glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides, and reducing progression to diabetes.
D. Weight loss above 5% can improve hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and allow for medication reduction.
Answer B not 3 months it’s 6 months
which of the following statement are Incorrect
A. The risk of obesity depends on factors such as energy homeostasis, hormonal regulation, genetic predisposition, developmental exposures, environmental or social influences, and toxins such as endocrine disrupting chemicals.
B. BMI and weight loss associated goals from
patients who come to obesity specialty clinics
often totally align with predicted weight loss
from lifestyle changes (~8 kg or 17 lbs) or what is
necessary to improve clinical outcomes (3-5%
weight loss).
C. Patient expectations for weight loss
Dream = 24.8 BMI (30.9% loss), Happy = 27.1
BMI (25.2% loss), Acceptable = 29.3 BMI (19.7%
loss) Disappointed = 33.0 BMI (10.4% loss)
D. Structural changes occur to the hypothalamus with weight gain and the brain doesn’t need to readapt for sustained body weight control.
Answer B, D
B Patients goals don’t align see option
D Brain must readapt
In relation to plateau phenomenon in obesity which of the following options are incorrect
A. The plateau effect is a phenomenon that lessens the effectiveness of once effective measures over time.
B. It is a phenomenon When 10% or greater weight loss occurs, a person’s non-resting energy expenditure decreases by about 30% because of changes in lean mass and fat mass.
C. Individuals must compensate for this reduction in total energy expenditure by eating 10-15% more calories than expected for a person of his same height and weight but who has not lost weight.
D. This effect can persist for only few weeks.
Ans C,D
C to consume 10-15% less calories
D can persist several months to several years
