LLT, HBOT,Biofeedback,Magnets,Deep Oscillation, Counterirritants Flashcards
Infrared Therapeutic Lamps
- Superficial dry heat
- Wavelength range btw 780-12,500 nm
- Used to dry seeping open wounds or sedate superficial sensory nerves
- Electric current passes through a carbon or tungsten filament
- Darker skin will absorb more energy and will heat more rapidly
- Constant temp = Increased risk of burns
- Contraindications = Same as other superficial heat
Visible portion of light spectrum
~380 - 780 nm
Ultraviolet Therapeutic Lamps
- Heats the body’s tissues for either tissue destruction or therapeutic effects
- Wavelength btw 180-400 nm
Laser Therapeutic Lamps
- Combination of homogenous ultraviolet and/or infrared energy
- produce a refined, monochromatic light in the UV, visible, or infrared range
Types of Infrared Lamps
Luminous: WL = 780-1500nm
- Thermal effects = 5-10mm deep
- Energy formed by carbon or tungsten
Nonluminous: WL = 1500-12500 nm
- Thermal effects= <2mm; more superficial! skin feels warmer
- Energy formed by metal coil(invisible)
Types of UV light
UV-A:
- Effects=Erythema without pigmentation
- Overdose=sunburn
UV-B
- Effects=Erythema w/out pigmentation
- Overdose=sunburn/blistering
UV-C
- Effects=kills bacteria
- Rarely causes burns/blisters
- Most common for chronic wounds
- 90 secs(kills bacteria) to 180 secs(decreases bacteria from chronic)
UV contraindications
- Sunlight sensitivity
- Fair skin
- Meds or food that increase sunlight sensitivity (Tetracycline, shellfish)
- Hyperthyroidism
LASER Therapy
=Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- Emits photons(light energy) in very specific regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
- Penetrates tissue for increased blood flow and more rapid healing
- Laser(light energy) Versus US (Acoustic Energy)
Low Level Laser
- Affect cellular energy of the underlying tissue
- Cold or LLLT DO NOT have a thermal effect on tissue
- output below 10milliwatts
Effects of LLLT
- Increased ATP production
- Vasodilation
- Altered nerve conduction velocity
- Increased collagen production
- Increased macrophage activity
Indications for LLLT
- Wounds,
- Joint pain(arthritis)
- Epicondylitis
- CTS
- Plantar fasciitis
- Muscle pain
Contraindications of LLLT
- Not over cancer
- Not over eyes
- Pts with photophobia
- Not over abdomen of pregnant
- Not directly over thyroid gland
- Not over epiphyseal plates that aren’t sealed
HBOT
-Overloads the body with O2 to prevent ischemia from secondary trauma and provide assistance to the healing process
-Pt. placed in environment 2-3times atmospheric absolute (ATA)
-1 ATA is sea level
=33 ft immersion equals an increase of 1ATA
-33ft = 2ATA
How HBOT works
- O2 content in HBOT is increased to approx 6.6ml of O2 per 100ml of blood vs. normal = 5ml per 100ml of blood
- High O2 content causes vasoconstriction, decreasing blood flow by at least 20%
- Increases PMN and fibroblastic activity
HBOT Indications
- Inflammation
- Sprains/strains
- DOMS
- Muscle soreness
- Wounds
- Tendon lacerations
- Compartment syndromes
- Crushing injuries
HBOT Contraindications
- Ear infection
- Pregnancy
- Tympanic membrane rupture
- Sinusitis
- Asthma
- Fever
- Seizure
- Optic neuritis
- Pneumothorax
Biofeedback
- Use of instrumentation to bring physiological events to conscious awareness
- Objectively measure the process
- Converts what is being measured into feedback that optimizes the desired effect
EMG Biofeedback Instruments
- Surface electrodes used to transform signals
- Permits awareness of neural recruitment of muscles
- Electrical activity transformed into cues
- Electrical activity associated with the contraction being measured, NOT actual force production
Biofeedback Electrodes
-3 = 1 point of reference to filter out non-meaningful electrical activity and 2 active over muscle
Electrical Unit Components
Circuit that receives EMG signal:
- Raw EMG signal received through electrode is:
1. Filtered
2. Amplified
3. Rectified
4. Integrated
5. Transduced
EMG: 1.Filtering
- Removal of noise from high and low frequency sources
- Muscle activity is 80-250Hz: anything above or below must be filtered`
EMG: 2.Amplification
-The process of taking a raw signal of muscle in the micro vault range and amplifying it to the millivolt range
EMG: 3.Rectification
- All deflections from the isoelectric line are made + or -
- Allows for either an all + or all - reading
EMG: 4.Integration
- Integrated signal: fitting curve through sample points
- Smoothes the signal, allowing area of curve to be quantified
- Can power lights or sound to provide feedback
Biofeedback Indications
-Muscle re-education
-Relaxation
-ROM
Ultimate goal= decreased pain and/or increased function
Biofeedback Contraindications
- Pt prohibited from moving joint
- Isometric contractions are contraindicated
Therapeutic Magnets
- Measured in Gauss(G) or Tesla(T; 1T=10000G)
- Magnets for pain relief have a strength between 300-500G (Earths=0.5G)
- MRI machines=15,000G
Contraindications for Magnets
- Pacemakers
- Insulin Pumps
- Other mechanical devices
- Pregnancy
- Epilepsy
Counterirritants
-Biofreeze: Menthol
-Capzasin: capsaicin(menthol)
-Cobroxin/Nyloxin: Cobra venom
-Flex Power: Trolamine salicylate, glucosamine, MSM
Bengay: Camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate
-Octogen: Camphor, menthol, oil of turpentine, methyl salicylate
-Thera-Gesic: Menthol, methyl salicylate
