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ESA2 - Various > LL Joints > Flashcards

LL Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the articulation of the subtalar joint

A

Inferior talus to superior calcaneus

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2
Q

Describe the articulation of the calcaneocuboid.

A

Anterior calcaneus to posterior cuboid

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3
Q

Describe the articulation of the Talocalcaneonavicular.

A

Talus, calcaneus and navicular

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4
Q

What movements occur at the intrinsic joints of the foot & muscles.

A

Inversion tibialis posterior.

Eversion tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis.

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5
Q

What makes up the medial longitudinal arch o the foot

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
Metatarsals 1/2/3
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6
Q

Classify the ankle joint.

A

Hinge, synovial

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7
Q

Describe the articulation in e ankle joint.

A

Tibia and fibula form a mortise for the talus, which acts as a tenon.
Medially - medial malleolus - talus trochlear
Superiorly - tibia - talus trochlear
Laterally - lateral malleolus - talus trochlear

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8
Q

Describe the talus and what position the ankle joint is more stable in.

A

The talus is wider anteriorly and so he ankle is more stable in dorsiflexion.

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9
Q

Give the 3 ligaments in the ankle

A

Deltoid/medial ligament
Lateral ligament
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

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10
Q

Describe this structure and function of the deltoid ligament.

A 
4 parts
Medial malleolus to:
Talus anterior
Navicular
Calcaneus
Talus posterior

Resists over eversion

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11
Q

Describe the structure and function of the lateral ligament.

A 
3 parts
Lateral malleolus to:
Talus posterior
Calcaneus
Talus anterior

Resists over inversion

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12
Q

Describe the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

Anterior and posterior ligaments joining the tibia and the fibula.
The posterior deepens the articulatory surface of the talus.

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13
Q

Give the movements at the ankle joint

A 
Dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
EDL
EHL
Plantar flexion
Posterior compartment - plantar is and popliteus
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14
Q

Describe Pott’s fracture

A
  1. Forced over eversion
  2. Deltoid ligament tears off medial malleolus, it is strong.
  3. Talus moves laterally, shearing the lateral malleolus.
  4. Breakage of tibia if talus forced anteriorly.
    Breakage of fibular above the syndesmosis
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15
Q

Describe the components of a synovial joint.

A

Synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid.
Articular capsule with outer fibrous layer and inner synovial layer.
Articular hyaline cartilage for shock absorption and reduced friction.

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16
Q

Classify the hip joint.

A

Ball and socket

Synovial

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17
Q

Describe the articulation of the hip joint.

A

Head of femur to acetabulum.

Acetabulum has fibrocartilage labrum to increase surface area for articulation.

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18
Q

How many ligaments in the hip joint?

Give them.

A 
5
Transverse acetabular
Head of femur
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
19
Q

Describe the transverse acetabular ligament.

A

Continuation of the fibrocartilage labrum.

Bridges acetabular notch forming the acetabular foramen.

20
Q

Describe the head of the femur ligament

A

Fovea of femur head to acetabular fossa.

Carries a branch of the obturator artery, supplying the head

21
Q

Describe the relative positions of the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and Ischiofemoral ligaments and their arrangement and function.

A 
Iliofemoral - anterior and superior.
Pubofemoral - anterior and inferior
Ischiofemoral - posterior
Arranged spirally
Taut on extension
Pull femur head medially into fossa
22
Q

Give three joints in the foot

A

Subtalar
Calcaneocuboid
Talocalcaneonavicular

23
Q

Give 3 bursae in the hip

A

Trochanteric bursa
Iliopsoas bursa
Ischiogluteal bursa

24
Q

Describe the two types of fracture of the hip.

How does the limb present?

A

Intracapsular - femoral neck
Limb is shortened, laterally rotated.
Avascular necrosis.

Extracapsular - Trochanteric
Treated with hip screw

25
Q

Give two dislocations of the hip

A

Acquired

  • trauma
  • posterior
  • sciatic nerve damage

Congenital

  • hip dysphasia
  • trendelenberg
26
Q

Classify the knee joint

A

Hinge synovial

27
Q

Articulation of the knee joint (2)

A

Femur - tibia

Femur - patella

28
Q

Describe the menisci in the knee and give 2 functions.

A

2 C shaped fibrocartilage attached to intercondylar Region of tibia.

Shock absorb.
Deepen articulation surface.

29
Q

What are bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs that reduce friction

30
Q

Give 4 bursae in the knee and their location

A

Supra patellar
- between quads tendon and femur
Prepatellar
- between patellar and skin (housemaids knee bursitis)
Infra patellar
- between tibia and patellar ligament and between patellar ligament and skin. (clergymans knee)
Semimembranosus bursa
- between semimembranosus and gastrocnemius

31
Q

What are bakers cysts? What do they indicate?

A

Abnormal fluid filled sacs of the synovial membrane found in the popliteal fossa.
Indicate chronic knee effusion.

32
Q

Give three types of ligament in the knee.

A

Patellar
Collateral
Cruciate

33
Q

Describe the patellar ligament.

A

Continuation of the quads tendon.

Attaches to the tibial tuberosity

34
Q

Describe the collateral ligaments

A

Extra capsular
Medial - medial epicondyle to medial meniscus
Lateral - lateral epicondyle to fibular head.
Stabilise the knee and prevent medial and lateral movement.

35
Q

Describe injury to the collateral ligaments.

A

Force applied to one side of he knee with foot on the ground.
Pain on medial rotation - medial collateral damage.
Pain on lateral rotation - lateral collateral damage.

36
Q

Describe the anterior Cruciate ligaments.

A 
Intra capsular
Anterior CL
- prevents anterior dislocation
- weaker
- passes posterior and laterally
- limits hyperextension
37
Q

Describe the posterior Cruciate ligament

A

Prevents posterior dislocation
Limits hyper flexion
Stronger
Passes anteriorly and medially.

38
Q

Describe ACL damage

A 
Caused by hyperextension
Unhappy triad
Lateral meniscus tear
Medial collateral tear
Medial meniscus tear
39
Q

Flexion at knee muscles

A

Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracious

40
Q

Extension at knee muscles

A

Quadriceps

41
Q

Lateral rotation at knee

A

Biceps femoris

42
Q

Medial rotation at knee

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
gracilis

43
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee and how

A

Popliteus

Lateral rotation of femur on tibia

ESA2 - Various (21 decks)

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