LL Bones Part I Flashcards
Name the parts of the axial skeleton.
skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
Name the bones in the skull.
cranium, face, ear ossicles, hyoid bone
Name the vertebrae.
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 fused sacral 1-3 coccygeal
Name the ribs.
12 pairs: 7 true, 3 false, 2 floating
Name the parts of the sternum.
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
What are the three functions of the axial skeleton?
- provide support to trunk’s soft tissues
- protect vital organs
- provide attachments for muscles in upper and lower limb
List the parts of the appendicular skeleton.
pectoral girdle and free bones, pelvic girdle and free bones
List the bones in the pectoral girdle.
scapula and clavicle
List some examples of free bones of the upper limb.
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
List the bones in the pelvic girdle.
2 pelvic bones and 1 sacrum
List the bones in the os coxa/pelvic bone.
ilium, ischium, and pubis
List the free bones of the lower limb.
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Where is the SI joint in reference to the pelvic bone?
posterior
Where is the pubic symphysis in reference to the pelvic bone?
anterior
What is the pelvis brim?
terminal line
landmark of pelvic girdle
Where is the true pelvis?
below pelvic brim
Where is the false pelvis?
above pelvis brim
What are the main differences between a female and male pelvic girdle?
female pelvis is wider, rounder, and more open
What type of joint is the public symphysis?
cartilaginous, connected to pubic ligament via fibrocartilage
not much movement
Where is the pubic symphysis?
between pubic bones, anterior most portion of pelvic ring
What is the SI joint?
synovial joints, one on each side of the sacrum
tends to stiffen with age
Where is the SI joint?
between sacrum and ilium
What are the sacroiliac ligaments?
anterior is weak
posterior is strong
Where is the sacrotuberous ligament?
from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Where is the sacrospinous ligament?
from sacrum to ischial spine
What are the signs of SI joint dysfunction?
difficulty to go from sit to stand, tenderness/tightness in muscles and sacrotuberous ligament
What is the management for SI joint dysfunction?
ice, NSAIDS, flexibility program
Where is the hip joint?
between acetabulum and head of femur
What is the acetabulum?
fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubic bones
What is the hip joint articulation
deep ball-and-socket
List the extra-capsular hip joints.
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemural
What is the iliofemoral joint?
strongest ligament in the body, Y ligament, prevents hip extensions and adduction
What does the ischiofemoral joint do?
limits internal rotation of the hip
What does the pubofemoral joint do?
limits abduction and internal rotation of the hip
What is the synovial joint capsule of the hip?
strong fibrous structure that encapsulates a joint
What is the ligamentum teres?
intracapsular ligament of the hip, connects acetabulum to fovea of femur, on stretched during dislocation, where artery that supplies blood to femur is
What is the hip labrum?
fibrocartilagenous, lines acetabulum
can be damaged with internal hip rotation
What is the femur?
longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body
contributes to hip and knee joints
Where is the femur head?
articulates in the acetabulum of hip bone
Where is the femur neck?
connects head to body
Where is the intertrochanteric line?
anterior attachment for iliofemoral ligament in femur
List the parts of the femur.
head, neck, intertrochanteric line, greater and lesser trochanter, linea aspera, condyles
What is the linea aspera?
supracondylar lines on femur
Where are the femur condyles?
articulates inferiorly with tibia
What is the IT band?
thick, fibrous band running from hip to knee
Where does the IT band insert?
tibia at Gerdy’s tubercle
What is the primary function of the IT band?
stability in the frontal plane
What is IT band syndrome?
when IT band repetitively crosses over lateral femoral epicondyle
caused by training error, lack of flexibility, or abnormal foot mechanics
What is the patella?
largest sesamoid bone that protects anterior knee and increases mechanical advantage of the quadriceps
highly subject to disuse atrophy
What is a bipartite patella?
natural two-part knee
What are the parts of the knee?
femur, tibia, fibula, patella, and two joints
What are the two joints of the knee?
tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
What types of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?
hinge
What types of joint is the patellofemoral joint?
gliding
What is the patella ligament/tendon?
extracapsular knee joint
connects patella to tibial tuberosity
What is the medial collateral ligament?
extracapsular knee joint
connects m. femoral condyle to medial tibia
strong, thick ligament
injury via valgus knee force
What is the lateral collateral ligament?
extracapsular knee joint
connects femur to fibula
gives minimal lat. knee support
injury via verus knee force
What is the anterior cruciate ligament?
intracapsular knee joint
prevents anterior tibial movement
What is the posterior cruciate ligament?
intracapsular knee joint
bigger cruciate
What is the medial patellofemoral ligament?
runs from medial femoral epicondyle to medial patellar facet
prevents patellar lateral dislocation
What is the medial and lateral retinaculum ligament?
connective tissue that seats patella in trochlear groove
What is the meniscus?
fibrocartilageous structure
List the zones of the musciscus.
outer/red
middle/red-white
inner/white
What shape is the medial menicus?
C
What shape is the lateral meniscus?
O
