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HK 302 Exam 1: Lower Limb > LL Bones Part I > Flashcards

LL Bones Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Name the parts of the axial skeleton.

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

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2
Q

Name the bones in the skull.

A

cranium, face, ear ossicles, hyoid bone

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3
Q

Name the vertebrae.

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacral
1-3 coccygeal
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4
Q

Name the ribs.

A

12 pairs: 7 true, 3 false, 2 floating

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5
Q

Name the parts of the sternum.

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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6
Q

What are the three functions of the axial skeleton?

A
  1. provide support to trunk’s soft tissues
  2. protect vital organs
  3. provide attachments for muscles in upper and lower limb
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7
Q

List the parts of the appendicular skeleton.

A

pectoral girdle and free bones, pelvic girdle and free bones

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8
Q

List the bones in the pectoral girdle.

A

scapula and clavicle

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9
Q

List some examples of free bones of the upper limb.

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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10
Q

List the bones in the pelvic girdle.

A

2 pelvic bones and 1 sacrum

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11
Q

List the bones in the os coxa/pelvic bone.

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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12
Q

List the free bones of the lower limb.

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

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13
Q

Where is the SI joint in reference to the pelvic bone?

A

posterior

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14
Q

Where is the pubic symphysis in reference to the pelvic bone?

A

anterior

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15
Q

What is the pelvis brim?

A

terminal line

landmark of pelvic girdle

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16
Q

Where is the true pelvis?

A

below pelvic brim

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17
Q

Where is the false pelvis?

A

above pelvis brim

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18
Q

What are the main differences between a female and male pelvic girdle?

A

female pelvis is wider, rounder, and more open

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19
Q

What type of joint is the public symphysis?

A

cartilaginous, connected to pubic ligament via fibrocartilage
not much movement

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20
Q

Where is the pubic symphysis?

A

between pubic bones, anterior most portion of pelvic ring

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21
Q

What is the SI joint?

A

synovial joints, one on each side of the sacrum

tends to stiffen with age

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22
Q

Where is the SI joint?

A

between sacrum and ilium

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23
Q

What are the sacroiliac ligaments?

A

anterior is weak

posterior is strong

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24
Q

Where is the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

Where is the sacrospinous ligament?

A

from sacrum to ischial spine

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26
Q

What are the signs of SI joint dysfunction?

A

difficulty to go from sit to stand, tenderness/tightness in muscles and sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

What is the management for SI joint dysfunction?

A

ice, NSAIDS, flexibility program

28
Q

Where is the hip joint?

A

between acetabulum and head of femur

29
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubic bones

30
Q

What is the hip joint articulation

A

deep ball-and-socket

31
Q

List the extra-capsular hip joints.

A

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemural

32
Q

What is the iliofemoral joint?

A

strongest ligament in the body, Y ligament, prevents hip extensions and adduction

33
Q

What does the ischiofemoral joint do?

A

limits internal rotation of the hip

34
Q

What does the pubofemoral joint do?

A

limits abduction and internal rotation of the hip

35
Q

What is the synovial joint capsule of the hip?

A

strong fibrous structure that encapsulates a joint

36
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

intracapsular ligament of the hip, connects acetabulum to fovea of femur, on stretched during dislocation, where artery that supplies blood to femur is

37
Q

What is the hip labrum?

A

fibrocartilagenous, lines acetabulum

can be damaged with internal hip rotation

38
Q

What is the femur?

A

longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body

contributes to hip and knee joints

39
Q

Where is the femur head?

A

articulates in the acetabulum of hip bone

40
Q

Where is the femur neck?

A

connects head to body

41
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric line?

A

anterior attachment for iliofemoral ligament in femur

42
Q

List the parts of the femur.

A

head, neck, intertrochanteric line, greater and lesser trochanter, linea aspera, condyles

43
Q

What is the linea aspera?

A

supracondylar lines on femur

44
Q

Where are the femur condyles?

A

articulates inferiorly with tibia

45
Q

What is the IT band?

A

thick, fibrous band running from hip to knee

46
Q

Where does the IT band insert?

A

tibia at Gerdy’s tubercle

47
Q

What is the primary function of the IT band?

A

stability in the frontal plane

48
Q

What is IT band syndrome?

A

when IT band repetitively crosses over lateral femoral epicondyle
caused by training error, lack of flexibility, or abnormal foot mechanics

49
Q

What is the patella?

A

largest sesamoid bone that protects anterior knee and increases mechanical advantage of the quadriceps

highly subject to disuse atrophy

50
Q

What is a bipartite patella?

A

natural two-part knee

51
Q

What are the parts of the knee?

A

femur, tibia, fibula, patella, and two joints

52
Q

What are the two joints of the knee?

A

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

53
Q

What types of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?

A

hinge

54
Q

What types of joint is the patellofemoral joint?

A

gliding

55
Q

What is the patella ligament/tendon?

A

extracapsular knee joint

connects patella to tibial tuberosity

56
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament?

A

extracapsular knee joint

connects m. femoral condyle to medial tibia
strong, thick ligament

injury via valgus knee force

57
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament?

A

extracapsular knee joint

connects femur to fibula
gives minimal lat. knee support

injury via verus knee force

58
Q

What is the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

intracapsular knee joint

prevents anterior tibial movement

59
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

intracapsular knee joint

bigger cruciate

60
Q

What is the medial patellofemoral ligament?

A

runs from medial femoral epicondyle to medial patellar facet

prevents patellar lateral dislocation

61
Q

What is the medial and lateral retinaculum ligament?

A

connective tissue that seats patella in trochlear groove

62
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

fibrocartilageous structure

63
Q

List the zones of the musciscus.

A

outer/red
middle/red-white
inner/white

64
Q

What shape is the medial menicus?

A

C

65
Q

What shape is the lateral meniscus?

A

O

HK 302 Exam 1: Lower Limb (4 decks)

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