Living World

Question 1

what is heredity

Answer 1

The transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 2

what is a gene

Answer 2

A DNA segment that carries the code for synthesizing one or more proteins

Question 3

what is DNA made up of

Answer 3

sugar, phosphate groups and bases (A and T, G and C)

Question 4

what is the shape of DNA

Answer 4

double helix

Question 5

what is a hereditary trait

Answer 5

inherited features of an organism

Question 6

what are examples of hereditary traits

Answer 6

hair color and eye color

Question 7

what are alleles

Answer 7

possible form of a gene

Question 8

what is a homozygote

Answer 8

genotype in which both alleles of a pair are the same

Question 9

what is heterozygous

Answer 9

genotype in which alleles of a pair are different

Question 10

what is genotype

Answer 10

The genetic makeup of an organism (your alleles from your parents)

Question 11

what’s a phenotype

Answer 11

The appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype (ex your eye colour)

Question 12

what’s a dominant allele

Answer 12

masks or dominates another trait

Question 13

what is a recessive allele

Answer 13

allele that can be masked by the presence of another allele

Question 14

what is an ecological footprint

Answer 14

The estimate of how much of the available resources we consume and how much waste we generate

Question 15

what are the steps of transcription in protein synthesis

Answer 15

1-Double Helix DNA unwinds
2-Copy of a gene is made by an mRNA
3-mRNA can leave the nucleus

Question 16

what are the steps of translation in protein synthesis (on the ribosome)

Answer 16

1-mRNA carries the instructions of the gene to the ribosome
2-ribosome slides along the mRNA and reads each triplet
3- each triplet encodes for a different amino acid
4-tRNA transfers each amino acid to the chain
5-when finished, RNA is released

Question 17

what is translation in protein synthesis (in the cytoplasm)

Answer 17

1- when amino acid chain is complete, the protein chain is released from the ribosome
2-Protein folds into functional shape
3- Protein performs role in the body

Question 18

what is crossbreeding

Answer 18

when two separate plants breed together

Question 19

in which generation will we see a change in the cross pollinated plants

Answer 19

Second generation of offspring

Question 20

what is a contaminant

Answer 20

many types of substances or radiation that is likely to cause harm to one or more ecosystems

Question 21

what is toxicity threshold

Answer 21

The minimum concentration of a substance that produces a significant harmful effect in an organism

Question 22

what factors influence the toxicity of a contaminant

Answer 22

concentration, type of organism, and duration of exposure

Question 23

what is bioaccumulation

Answer 23

The process by which a contaminant from the environment or food supply accumulates in an organism

Question 24

how does bioaccumulation work in food chains

Answer 24

once the contaminant animal is consumed the toxin can become stored in the fat tissues of the consumer. the consumer must consume a lot of producers causing the concentration of the toxin to be accumulated

Question 25

what is bio concentration

Answer 25

A special case of bioaccumulation by which an organism accumulated a contaminant direct contact with its environment from other sources other than food