Living with diabetes Flashcards
Which type of diabetes is described as the “inability to produce insulin due to B-cell failure due to directed autoantibodies”
Type 1
What am I describing? “Insulin production is adequate but insulin resistance precents insulin working effectively and is invariably linked to obesity. There is either insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.”
Type 2 diabetes
What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?
Polydipsia, polyuria, blurring of vision, urogenital infections (thrush)
What is the test for measuring type 2 diabetes exclusively?
HbA1c
What are the two way of testing type 1 diabetes?
Fasting glucose
Oral glucose tolerance test
What is the purpose of a ketostick?
To measure blood ketons
What is a common sign of ketoacidosis?
Vomitting
How do you treat type 1 diabetes?
With exogenous insulin via subcutaneous insulin, several times a day
Are urinary ketones present in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes?
No
Describe the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
The symptoms are very variable. They may have polydipsia, polyuria or weight loss.
Give an example of large vessel damage caused by diabetes.
Stroke, heart attack, gangrene
Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are all examples of ……… ……… caused by diabetes
Microvascular damage
What leads to ketoacidosis in diabetics?
There is increased lipolysis due to the change of the insulin:glucagon ratio. This increases the free fatty acid concentration and leads to increased ketone production
Bariatric surgery can causes the normalisation of blood glucose within 7 days. True or false?
True
Why is there a massive fall in liver fat content following bariatric surgery?
Caloric intake massively falls so fat is mobilised from the liver and ectopic sites
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is when blood glucose is too high (hyperglycaemia) and over years leads to damage of the small and large blood vessels causing premature death from cardiovascular disease
What is C peptide? And what is it an indicator of in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes?
Connecting peptide is released in equimolar amounts to insulin from the pancreatic B cells and is cleaved from proinsulin during biosynthesis of insulin. It is an indicator of the patients endogenous insulin
What is the mode of action of metformin? Used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis
What is the half life of insulin?
4-6 mins
How many disulphide bonds in insulin?
3
What is the primary glucose transporter in pancreatic B cells?
Glut 2
Name the type of surgical procedure that can be used to remove a pituitary tumour by inserting an endoscope through the nose.
Transsphenoidal surgery
Prolactinomas are treated with a ……… receptor agonist
Dopamine
Excess cortisol causes high blood glucose. True or false?
True
