Living under Nazi rule Flashcards
Beginnings of the Nazi
Nationalists and Fascist
In Meif Kamp Hitler says
1 party state
Purify Germany by removing Jews
Strengthen army and economy
Lebensraum for Germans
Third Reich for 1000 years
How did they get into power
High unemployment in Great Depression 1929
Nazi propaganda promises the end of the Great Depression and communists
The SS and SA intimidated voters of other parties
Hitler Chancellor 1933
Death of President Hindenburg 1934
Army swore an oath to Hitler
Hitler combines President and Chancellor to Fuhrer
Reichstag fire 1933 Var de Lubbe communist blame
Hitler then manipulates Hindenberg to pass the Reichstag fire decree- Ends freedom of the press and civil liberties
4000 communists arrested including 100 Reichstag deputies
Communist meetings banned
The Night of the long knives 1934
Rohm criticies Hitler and his army was loyal to him and Hindenberg
85 people killed including Rohm
The Peoples Court set up in 1934 to make harsh and quick decisions
Executions and concentration camps
Gelichaltung
1933 laws banning Jews from joining sports teams
1933 Book burning, ‘un-German’ books burned
1933 Trade unions banned and leaders arrested
1933- Enabling act- pass laws without agreement from the reichstag
Hitler bans other parties
Impact of Nazis on different people
Workers
Unemployment fell from 6 million in 1933 to 35,000 in 1939
Nazis establish DAF instead of Trade unions
Strength through Joy awarded cheap holidays to workers
Volkswagen scheme said save 5 marks a week to get a Volkswagen
No-one recieved a volkswagen
Workers had to pay to join the DAF and hard to get a job without
Women
In Weinmar republic women’s lives like they are now
Nazis wanted women to be fit and healthy to raise children, wear traditional clothes, look after children
Marriage loans given if the woman gives up job, payments reduced by a quarter for every child
Gold Mother’s cross awarded to those who had 8 children
Number of women going to university dropped
Birth rates dropped
Teachers had to join the Nazi teachers league
History is about the Greatness of Germany and how Jews cost WWI
Biology, race studies of aryan and non-aryan race
P.E took up 15% of lesson time
German boys go to Hitler Youth
Activities suited to each gender
Hitler Youth compulsory after 1936 and only way to access sports facilities
Pseudoscience of race
Aryan- Ubermenshcen
Untermenshcen including Blacks, Jews, gypsies
1935 encouraged Germans to boycott Jewish shops
1935 Nuremberg laws remove Jewish rights
1938 Krystallnatch due to a Jew killing a Nazi general
100 killed, 20,000 sent to concentration camps
Jewish homes and buisness smashed
1939 Jewish possestions convescated
Nazi Control
Police state
SS- Heinrich Himmler only Aryans in SS
Death Heads Unitresponsible for Nazi concentration camps
SS takes over German Police and becomes the leader of German army in 1936
SS took part in the war and holocaust
Einstazgruppen ran the Death Camps
SD- Reinhard Heydrich
SD dealt with internal threats and managed propaganda
The Gestapo could arrest anyone
15,000 gestapo officers
Used torture and tapped phone lines
Peoples court had no jury
Gave out lodes of death sentences 40,000 given death sentences in total
70 Camps in 1933
Political opposition
Beatings, bread and water rations
Hard Labour
1937 Himmler said guards cannot be punished for their actions
69 prisoners in Dauchau killed
Geobbles pulishes own newspaper called Der Sturmer
Editors law means newspapers have to print what the Nazis want
Geobbles controls radio and radios are cheap with limited range
500,000 attend nuremburg rally
Propaganda posters widespread
“Heil Hitler” and Swastika
Opposition before wartime
Communists are ideological rivals of the Nazis
10,000 copies of the red flag produced each week
Many arrested by gestapo
1933 social democrats leave the country
Catholics and protestants believed Hitlers actions clashed with the teachings from the Bible
Concordat with Pope in 1933
Reich Church for Protestants
Martin Neimoller and 800 priests sent to concentration camps
Cardinal Gallen was protected by concordat by was put in house arrest 1941
Young Communists met in secret and greeted each other in russian and not Heil Hitler
Swing Kids listened to swing and rejected Nazi Uniforms
Edielweiss pirates bullied Hitler Youths, Hung in 1944
Germany in war
Nazi sucesses
1940 Germany invaded Denmark Norway France
1941 Surprise attack on soviet union
1942 Germany faces UK, USA, Soviet Union
1942 Albert Speer directs war economy
Increase production
Concentration camp prisioners as workers
More women in factories
Tank production in 1944 was 10 times higher and aircraft was 4 times
Shortages of food and coal
Rationing
Jews only allowed in shops after closing time
Speer restricted marriage loans
1940 England start bombing
KLV evaccuation program
Luftwaffle unable to stop air raoids
Air raid shelters built
1943 Battle of Stalingrad, Russians stop German army
1944 British Air Force lands in Normandy
Women between 17 and 50 are conscripted into the war effort
Activities that don’t help the war effort are banned
Volksturm were the reserve army of men aged 16-60
1943 Hamburg bombed firestorm kills 30,000
Wartime opposition
Everyday resistance
Anti-Nazi jokes told
Good morning instead of heil Hitler
Listening to BBC
Otto and Elise Hampel executed in 1943 after 200 postcards discovered
Sophie and Hans Scholl start White Rose
Scholls executed in 1943 after distrobuting leaflets
Colonel von staffenberg 1944 bomb plot tried to kill Hitler after hering of mistreatment of Jews
5000 officers executed
